RFC 9500 | Standard PKC Test Keys | December 2023
Gutmann & Bonnell | Informational | [Page]

Stream:
  Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC:
  9500
Category:
  Informational
Published:
  December 2023
ISSN:
  2070-1721
Authors:
  P. Gutmann
  University of Auckland
  C. Bonnell
  DigiCert

# RFC 9500

# Standard Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Test Keys

## Abstract

This document provides a set of standard Public Key Cryptography (PKC) test keys that may be used wherever pre-generated keys and associated operations like digital signatures are required. Like the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research (EICAR) virus test and the Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk Email (GTUBE) spam test files, these publicly known test keys can be detected and recognised by applications consuming them as being purely for testing purposes without assigning any security properties to them.¶

## Status of This Memo

This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.¶

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.¶

Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9500.¶

## Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.¶

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.¶

This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.¶

## 1. Introduction

The widespread use of public key cryptosystems on the Internet has led to a proliferation of publicly known but not necessarily acknowledged keys that are used for testing purposes or that ship preconfigured in applications. These keys provide no security, but since there's no record of them, relying parties are often unaware that they provide no security. In order to address this issue, this document provides a set of standard public test keys that may be used wherever a preconfigured or sample key is required and, by extension, also in situations where such keys may be used, such as when testing digitally signed data. Their purpose corresponds roughly to that of the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research (EICAR) test file, a non-virus used as a test file for antivirus products, and the Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk Email (GTUBE) file, a similar file used with spam-detection products.¶

The keys provided cover three major algorithm families:¶

- RSA¶
- algorithms based on the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), such as DSA, Diffie-Hellman (DH), and Elgamal¶
- algorithms based on the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), such as ECDSA and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)¶

Although some of the algorithms and key sizes are no longer recommended, keys corresponding to those algorithms and key sizes are provided in order to accommodate the large installed base of existing implementations that use them.¶

This document does not try to cover every possible algorithm family and type since there are far too many of these and new ones are constantly appearing and, in some cases, disappearing. If similar documents are created for further algorithm families, they should update this document, and for ease of implementation and use, they should maintain compatibility with the format and naming conventions used here.¶

## 2. Publicly Known Test Keys

This section provides the test keys for the algorithm groups in various sizes in a C-like notation that may be directly used in crypto code written in C-like languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Go, Swift, and Rust, covering the majority of languages likely to be used to implement crypto code.¶

Alongside the source code format, they are also provided in encoded form, specifically the OpenSSL private key format, which many applications can process directly.¶

Each element of the key is given in a form consisting of a count in bits (the value from which the nominal key size is taken) followed by a byte string containing that key element in big-endian form. For example, the following is a sample key component for the RSA p value, where 0xCF is the most significant byte of the RSA p value and 0x03 is the least significant byte of the value:¶

        /* p */
        512,
        { 0xCF, 0xDA, 0xF9, 0x99, 0x6F, 0x05, 0x95, 0x84,
          0x09, 0x90, 0xB3, 0xAB, 0x39, 0xB7, 0xDD, 0x1D,
          [...]
          0xE1, 0x2C, 0x0D, 0xF7, 0x30, 0xE2, 0xB8, 0x09,
          0x73, 0x50, 0x28, 0xF6, 0x55, 0x85, 0x57, 0x03 },

¶

In addition to the key data, each key is given a recommended name for use in source code as a means of providing a standard reference for each one.¶

### 2.1. RSA Keys

The following publicly known test keys may be used for RSA.¶

RSA-1024 key "testRSA1024":¶

            /* n */
            1024,
            { 0xB0, 0xD1, 0x83, 0x52, 0xA8, 0x8F, 0x53, 0xD5,
              0x51, 0x6F, 0x46, 0xC2, 0x0E, 0x7A, 0x36, 0x7D,
              0x7D, 0xE8, 0x8A, 0xCF, 0x54, 0xA0, 0x19, 0xF6,
              0xDE, 0xF5, 0x7A, 0xB9, 0xB4, 0x4C, 0xED, 0xDB,
              0x22, 0x42, 0xB1, 0xBC, 0xA0, 0xFB, 0x1B, 0x5C,
              0xB8, 0x2B, 0x30, 0x36, 0x17, 0x6A, 0x63, 0x90,
              0x35, 0x64, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xEB, 0x41, 0xDB, 0x2F,
              0x8F, 0xC7, 0x87, 0xF4, 0xE5, 0x2E, 0x11, 0x49,
              0xE3, 0x33, 0x47, 0x57, 0x29, 0x73, 0xF6, 0x60,
              0xC3, 0xC7, 0x7C, 0xA9, 0xE0, 0x82, 0x1C, 0x2B,
              0x69, 0x5B, 0xE7, 0xAE, 0x9D, 0x7D, 0x30, 0xF4,
              0x07, 0x91, 0x10, 0xF4, 0x8A, 0xAE, 0x6F, 0x8B,
              0x70, 0x2D, 0x47, 0x4B, 0x29, 0x00, 0x81, 0x7F,
              0x28, 0x66, 0x24, 0x9B, 0xEC, 0x12, 0xA2, 0xB1,
              0x9B, 0x82, 0x78, 0x41, 0x68, 0x08, 0xF8, 0x1A,
              0xE1, 0xFC, 0xF9, 0xB7, 0x77, 0x8A, 0x62, 0x3F },
            /* e */
            17,
            { 0x01, 0x00, 0x01 },
            /* d */
            1023,
            { 0x48, 0x2E, 0x9F, 0x8F, 0xA4, 0xE4, 0x2D, 0xF3,
              0x0D, 0x75, 0x81, 0xCB, 0x42, 0xA1, 0xBD, 0x90,
              0xE9, 0x4F, 0x7F, 0x2B, 0x38, 0x7E, 0xCB, 0x5A,
              0xAE, 0x96, 0x43, 0xED, 0x7F, 0x9F, 0x50, 0x12,
              0x7F, 0x1F, 0xFE, 0xF2, 0xE4, 0x3C, 0xDE, 0x64,
              0xB1, 0x82, 0x60, 0x02, 0x14, 0xF9, 0x07, 0x80,
              0x1D, 0x6B, 0xFA, 0x4D, 0xF6, 0x48, 0x42, 0x34,
              0x5E, 0x5B, 0xB4, 0x32, 0xD3, 0x44, 0x45, 0x25,
              0xD8, 0x30, 0x16, 0x54, 0xC5, 0x44, 0x2B, 0x0A,
              0x5E, 0x11, 0xB9, 0xC7, 0xE2, 0x01, 0xFA, 0x32,
              0xF4, 0x1A, 0xBA, 0xF4, 0xF0, 0xA6, 0xE0, 0x3C,
              0xF0, 0xE0, 0xCB, 0x82, 0x66, 0xC6, 0x2A, 0xD1,
              0x1D, 0x95, 0x6D, 0x53, 0xC9, 0x46, 0x6E, 0x48,
              0x99, 0x5F, 0xEA, 0x26, 0x0C, 0x85, 0x36, 0xF0,
              0x41, 0xCB, 0x35, 0x62, 0xFA, 0xAC, 0x51, 0x1C,
              0x4D, 0x66, 0xA8, 0xFE, 0xD1, 0x11, 0xB2, 0x91 },
            /* p */
            512,
            { 0xE9, 0xD8, 0x6E, 0x4D, 0xC3, 0x4A, 0x98, 0x5A,
              0x7E, 0xC7, 0x5A, 0x6F, 0x54, 0xA7, 0x5C, 0xE4,
              0x51, 0x39, 0xE4, 0x52, 0x40, 0xB3, 0x86, 0xAB,
              0x71, 0x1D, 0xB7, 0x91, 0xBC, 0xD9, 0x87, 0x18,
              0xA1, 0x3B, 0xAF, 0x21, 0x8C, 0x24, 0x49, 0x36,
              0x46, 0x68, 0x07, 0x56, 0xCB, 0x50, 0xA6, 0xCB,
              0xEE, 0x15, 0x8E, 0x25, 0x21, 0x44, 0x99, 0x12,
              0x30, 0x1C, 0x0D, 0x41, 0x49, 0x11, 0x18, 0x45 },
            /* q */
            512,
            { 0xC1, 0x91, 0xFA, 0x3B, 0x55, 0x0B, 0x39, 0x1A,
              0x7C, 0xB0, 0x72, 0x83, 0x76, 0x27, 0x72, 0x95,
              0xE6, 0x1C, 0x65, 0x4F, 0x0B, 0xEF, 0x2F, 0x58,
              0xDC, 0xE5, 0xC9, 0x62, 0xA1, 0x0B, 0x7D, 0xD7,
              0x5F, 0x06, 0x01, 0x54, 0x65, 0xE5, 0x50, 0x76,
              0xE4, 0x66, 0x26, 0x3E, 0xEB, 0xCA, 0xED, 0x20,
              0xD2, 0xEB, 0xAB, 0x39, 0x31, 0x3E, 0x8B, 0xC5,
              0x67, 0x32, 0x0F, 0xE8, 0xB2, 0xDC, 0x62, 0xB3 },
            /* u */
            512,
            { 0xB9, 0x9D, 0x7F, 0x8F, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x45, 0x5F,
              0x1F, 0xBA, 0x46, 0x2D, 0x99, 0x0A, 0x2E, 0x84,
              0x8C, 0x42, 0x8C, 0x1E, 0xBE, 0xE0, 0x1D, 0xC0,
              0x01, 0x84, 0xC8, 0xA7, 0x65, 0x83, 0xAD, 0x37,
              0x9F, 0x69, 0xAD, 0xAF, 0x54, 0x75, 0x54, 0x30,
              0xF6, 0x3C, 0x42, 0x53, 0xD1, 0xBB, 0x78, 0xCC,
              0x9B, 0xD2, 0x32, 0x64, 0x34, 0x00, 0x80, 0xB8,
              0x4C, 0x1A, 0x91, 0x7D, 0xE0, 0x8B, 0x6E, 0xDB },
            /* exponent1 */
            512,
            { 0xE7, 0x3A, 0xE0, 0x37, 0x7C, 0xB8, 0xB2, 0x56,
              0x29, 0xAE, 0xAE, 0xBA, 0x0F, 0x97, 0x3E, 0xBF,
              0x75, 0xA2, 0x2D, 0x27, 0x38, 0x5B, 0x4C, 0xFB,
              0x11, 0xEB, 0x34, 0xAD, 0xA3, 0x73, 0xE5, 0xA6,
              0x71, 0x28, 0x37, 0x50, 0x90, 0xE7, 0x00, 0x8D,
              0xEE, 0xA8, 0xC7, 0x39, 0x07, 0xEA, 0x44, 0x44,
              0xBA, 0xB4, 0x0D, 0xCE, 0xA1, 0x4A, 0xD7, 0xA1,
              0xA8, 0x78, 0xD4, 0x92, 0x8D, 0xD1, 0x9D, 0x91 },
            /* exponent2 */
            511,
            { 0x41, 0x99, 0x79, 0x16, 0x16, 0x72, 0x21, 0x3E,
              0x0A, 0xB7, 0xB9, 0x77, 0x37, 0xD9, 0x92, 0x89,
              0x9E, 0x5C, 0x4D, 0x31, 0x06, 0xB8, 0x5E, 0x71,
              0x5D, 0x1B, 0x3A, 0xAE, 0x84, 0x29, 0x62, 0xD2,
              0x54, 0x4F, 0xB2, 0xAF, 0xA9, 0x80, 0x97, 0x4E,
              0x53, 0x85, 0x12, 0xBD, 0x0C, 0x27, 0xCF, 0x48,
              0xEA, 0x72, 0x17, 0xAA, 0xE0, 0x37, 0x74, 0x22,
              0xC8, 0x20, 0x3D, 0x27, 0xFD, 0x45, 0x96, 0xE5 }

¶

RSA-1024 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIICXQIBAAKBgQCw0YNSqI9T1VFvRsIOejZ9feiKz1SgGfbe9Xq5tEzt2yJCsbyg
    +xtcuCswNhdqY5A1ZN7G60HbL4/Hh/TlLhFJ4zNHVylz9mDDx3yp4IIcK2lb566d
    fTD0B5EQ9Iqub4twLUdLKQCBfyhmJJvsEqKxm4J4QWgI+Brh/Pm3d4piPwIDAQAB
    AoGASC6fj6TkLfMNdYHLQqG9kOlPfys4fstarpZD7X+fUBJ/H/7y5DzeZLGCYAIU
    +QeAHWv6TfZIQjReW7Qy00RFJdgwFlTFRCsKXhG5x+IB+jL0Grr08KbgPPDgy4Jm
    xirRHZVtU8lGbkiZX+omDIU28EHLNWL6rFEcTWao/tERspECQQDp2G5Nw0qYWn7H
    Wm9Up1zkUTnkUkCzhqtxHbeRvNmHGKE7ryGMJEk2RmgHVstQpsvuFY4lIUSZEjAc
    DUFJERhFAkEAwZH6O1ULORp8sHKDdidyleYcZU8L7y9Y3OXJYqELfddfBgFUZeVQ
    duRmJj7ryu0g0uurOTE+i8VnMg/ostxiswJBAOc64Dd8uLJWKa6uug+XPr91oi0n
    OFtM+xHrNK2jc+WmcSg3UJDnAI3uqMc5B+pERLq0Dc6hStehqHjUko3RnZECQEGZ
    eRYWciE+Cre5dzfZkomeXE0xBrhecV0bOq6EKWLSVE+yr6mAl05ThRK9DCfPSOpy
    F6rgN3QiyCA9J/1FluUCQQC5nX+PTU1FXx+6Ri2ZCi6EjEKMHr7gHcABhMinZYOt
    N59pra9UdVQw9jxCU9G7eMyb0jJkNACAuEwakX3gi27b
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

RSA-2048 key "testRSA2048":¶

            /* n */
            2048,
            { 0xB0, 0xF9, 0xE8, 0x19, 0x43, 0xA7, 0xAE, 0x98,
              0x92, 0xAA, 0xDE, 0x17, 0xCA, 0x7C, 0x40, 0xF8,
              0x74, 0x4F, 0xED, 0x2F, 0x81, 0x48, 0xE6, 0xC8,
              0xEA, 0xA2, 0x7B, 0x7D, 0x00, 0x15, 0x48, 0xFB,
              0x51, 0x92, 0xAB, 0x28, 0xB5, 0x6C, 0x50, 0x60,
              0xB1, 0x18, 0xCC, 0xD1, 0x31, 0xE5, 0x94, 0x87,
              0x4C, 0x6C, 0xA9, 0x89, 0xB5, 0x6C, 0x27, 0x29,
              0x6F, 0x09, 0xFB, 0x93, 0xA0, 0x34, 0xDF, 0x32,
              0xE9, 0x7C, 0x6F, 0xF0, 0x99, 0x8C, 0xFD, 0x8E,
              0x6F, 0x42, 0xDD, 0xA5, 0x8A, 0xCD, 0x1F, 0xA9,
              0x79, 0x86, 0xF1, 0x44, 0xF3, 0xD1, 0x54, 0xD6,
              0x76, 0x50, 0x17, 0x5E, 0x68, 0x54, 0xB3, 0xA9,
              0x52, 0x00, 0x3B, 0xC0, 0x68, 0x87, 0xB8, 0x45,
              0x5A, 0xC2, 0xB1, 0x9F, 0x7B, 0x2F, 0x76, 0x50,
              0x4E, 0xBC, 0x98, 0xEC, 0x94, 0x55, 0x71, 0xB0,
              0x78, 0x92, 0x15, 0x0D, 0xDC, 0x6A, 0x74, 0xCA,
              0x0F, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x54, 0x97, 0xCE, 0x81, 0x53,
              0x4D, 0xAF, 0x94, 0x18, 0x84, 0x4B, 0x13, 0xAE,
              0xA3, 0x1F, 0x9D, 0x5A, 0x6B, 0x95, 0x57, 0xBB,
              0xDF, 0x61, 0x9E, 0xFD, 0x4E, 0x88, 0x7F, 0x2D,
              0x42, 0xB8, 0xDD, 0x8B, 0xC9, 0x87, 0xEA, 0xE1,
              0xBF, 0x89, 0xCA, 0xB8, 0x5E, 0xE2, 0x1E, 0x35,
              0x63, 0x05, 0xDF, 0x6C, 0x07, 0xA8, 0x83, 0x8E,
              0x3E, 0xF4, 0x1C, 0x59, 0x5D, 0xCC, 0xE4, 0x3D,
              0xAF, 0xC4, 0x91, 0x23, 0xEF, 0x4D, 0x8A, 0xBB,
              0xA9, 0x3D, 0x39, 0x05, 0xE4, 0x02, 0x8D, 0x7B,
              0xA9, 0x14, 0x84, 0xA2, 0x75, 0x96, 0xE0, 0x7B,
              0x4B, 0x6E, 0xD9, 0x92, 0xF0, 0x77, 0xB5, 0x24,
              0xD3, 0xDC, 0xFE, 0x7D, 0xDD, 0x55, 0x49, 0xBE,
              0x7C, 0xCE, 0x8D, 0xA0, 0x35, 0xCF, 0xA0, 0xB3,
              0xFB, 0x8F, 0x9E, 0x46, 0xF7, 0x32, 0xB2, 0xA8,
              0x6B, 0x46, 0x01, 0x65, 0xC0, 0x8F, 0x53, 0x13 },
            /* e */
            17,
            { 0x01, 0x00, 0x01 },
            /* d */
            2047,
            { 0x41, 0x18, 0x8B, 0x20, 0xCF, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0xC2,
              0xCF, 0x1F, 0xFE, 0x75, 0x2D, 0xCB, 0xAA, 0x72,
              0x39, 0x06, 0x35, 0x2E, 0x26, 0x15, 0xD4, 0x9D,
              0xCE, 0x80, 0x59, 0x7F, 0xCF, 0x0A, 0x05, 0x40,
              0x3B, 0xEF, 0x00, 0xFA, 0x06, 0x51, 0x82, 0xF7,
              0x2D, 0xEC, 0xFB, 0x59, 0x6F, 0x4B, 0x0C, 0xE8,
              0xFF, 0x59, 0x70, 0xBA, 0xF0, 0x7A, 0x89, 0xA5,
              0x19, 0xEC, 0xC8, 0x16, 0xB2, 0xF4, 0xFF, 0xAC,
              0x50, 0x69, 0xAF, 0x1B, 0x06, 0xBF, 0xEF, 0x7B,
              0xF6, 0xBC, 0xD7, 0x9E, 0x4E, 0x81, 0xC8, 0xC5,
              0xA3, 0xA7, 0xD9, 0x13, 0x0D, 0xC3, 0xCF, 0xBA,
              0xDA, 0xE5, 0xF6, 0xD2, 0x88, 0xF9, 0xAE, 0xE3,
              0xF6, 0xFF, 0x92, 0xFA, 0xE0, 0xF8, 0x1A, 0xF5,
              0x97, 0xBE, 0xC9, 0x6A, 0xE9, 0xFA, 0xB9, 0x40,
              0x2C, 0xD5, 0xFE, 0x41, 0xF7, 0x05, 0xBE, 0xBD,
              0xB4, 0x7B, 0xB7, 0x36, 0xD3, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x5A,
              0x51, 0xE0, 0xE2, 0x07, 0x32, 0xA9, 0x7B, 0x5E,
              0x46, 0xC1, 0xCB, 0xDB, 0x26, 0xD7, 0x48, 0x54,
              0xC6, 0xB6, 0x60, 0x4A, 0xED, 0x46, 0x37, 0x35,
              0xFF, 0x90, 0x76, 0x04, 0x65, 0x57, 0xCA, 0xF9,
              0x49, 0xBF, 0x44, 0x88, 0x95, 0xC2, 0x04, 0x32,
              0xC1, 0xE0, 0x9C, 0x01, 0x4E, 0xA7, 0x56, 0x60,
              0x43, 0x4F, 0x1A, 0x0F, 0x3B, 0xE2, 0x94, 0xBA,
              0xBC, 0x5D, 0x53, 0x0E, 0x6A, 0x10, 0x21, 0x3F,
              0x53, 0xB6, 0x03, 0x75, 0xFC, 0x84, 0xA7, 0x57,
              0x3F, 0x2A, 0xF1, 0x21, 0x55, 0x84, 0xF5, 0xB4,
              0xBD, 0xA6, 0xD4, 0xE8, 0xF9, 0xE1, 0x7A, 0x78,
              0xD9, 0x7E, 0x77, 0xB8, 0x6D, 0xA4, 0xA1, 0x84,
              0x64, 0x75, 0x31, 0x8A, 0x7A, 0x10, 0xA5, 0x61,
              0x01, 0x4E, 0xFF, 0xA2, 0x3A, 0x81, 0xEC, 0x56,
              0xE9, 0xE4, 0x10, 0x9D, 0xEF, 0x8C, 0xB3, 0xF7,
              0x97, 0x22, 0x3F, 0x7D, 0x8D, 0x0D, 0x43, 0x51 },
            /* p */
            1024,
            { 0xDD, 0x10, 0x57, 0x02, 0x38, 0x2F, 0x23, 0x2B,
              0x36, 0x81, 0xF5, 0x37, 0x91, 0xE2, 0x26, 0x17,
              0xC7, 0xBF, 0x4E, 0x9A, 0xCB, 0x81, 0xED, 0x48,
              0xDA, 0xF6, 0xD6, 0x99, 0x5D, 0xA3, 0xEA, 0xB6,
              0x42, 0x83, 0x9A, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0xA6,
              0x28, 0xB9, 0x0A, 0xF2, 0x79, 0xFD, 0x3E, 0x6F,
              0x7C, 0x93, 0xCD, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x72, 0xF0, 0x1F,
              0xF2, 0x44, 0x3B, 0x3E, 0xE8, 0xF2, 0x4E, 0xD4,
              0x69, 0xA7, 0x96, 0x13, 0xA4, 0x1B, 0xD2, 0x40,
              0x20, 0xF9, 0x2F, 0xD1, 0x10, 0x59, 0xBD, 0x1D,
              0x0F, 0x30, 0x1B, 0x5B, 0xA7, 0xA9, 0xD3, 0x63,
              0x7C, 0xA8, 0xD6, 0x5C, 0x1A, 0x98, 0x15, 0x41,
              0x7D, 0x8E, 0xAB, 0x73, 0x4B, 0x0B, 0x4F, 0x3A,
              0x2C, 0x66, 0x1D, 0x9A, 0x1A, 0x82, 0xF3, 0xAC,
              0x73, 0x4C, 0x40, 0x53, 0x06, 0x69, 0xAB, 0x8E,
              0x47, 0x30, 0x45, 0xA5, 0x8E, 0x65, 0x53, 0x9D },
            /* q */
            1024,
            { 0xCC, 0xF1, 0xE5, 0xBB, 0x90, 0xC8, 0xE9, 0x78,
              0x1E, 0xA7, 0x5B, 0xEB, 0xF1, 0x0B, 0xC2, 0x52,
              0xE1, 0x1E, 0xB0, 0x23, 0xA0, 0x26, 0x0F, 0x18,
              0x87, 0x55, 0x2A, 0x56, 0x86, 0x3F, 0x4A, 0x64,
              0x21, 0xE8, 0xC6, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x52, 0x3D, 0x6C,
              0xB1, 0xB0, 0xAD, 0xBD, 0xD6, 0x5B, 0xFE, 0xE4,
              0xA8, 0x8A, 0x03, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x1A, 0x41, 0x5E,
              0x5B, 0xB9, 0x56, 0x48, 0xDA, 0x5A, 0x0C, 0xA2,
              0x6B, 0x54, 0xF4, 0xA6, 0x39, 0x48, 0x52, 0x2C,
              0x3D, 0x5F, 0x89, 0xB9, 0x4A, 0x72, 0xEF, 0xFF,
              0x95, 0x13, 0x4D, 0x59, 0x40, 0xCE, 0x45, 0x75,
              0x8F, 0x30, 0x89, 0x80, 0x90, 0x89, 0x56, 0x58,
              0x8E, 0xEF, 0x57, 0x5B, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC4, 0xC3,
              0x68, 0xCF, 0xE8, 0x13, 0xEE, 0x9C, 0x25, 0x2C,
              0x2B, 0x02, 0xE0, 0xDF, 0x91, 0xF1, 0xAA, 0x01,
              0x93, 0x8D, 0x38, 0x68, 0x5D, 0x60, 0xBA, 0x6F },
            /* u */
            1020,
            { 0x0A, 0x81, 0xD8, 0xA6, 0x18, 0x31, 0x4A, 0x80,
              0x3A, 0xF6, 0x1C, 0x06, 0x71, 0x1F, 0x2C, 0x39,
              0xB2, 0x66, 0xFF, 0x41, 0x4D, 0x53, 0x47, 0x6D,
              0x1D, 0xA5, 0x2A, 0x43, 0x18, 0xAA, 0xFE, 0x4B,
              0x96, 0xF0, 0xDA, 0x07, 0x15, 0x5F, 0x8A, 0x51,
              0x34, 0xDA, 0xB8, 0x8E, 0xE2, 0x9E, 0x81, 0x68,
              0x07, 0x6F, 0xCD, 0x78, 0xCA, 0x79, 0x1A, 0xC6,
              0x34, 0x42, 0xA8, 0x1C, 0xD0, 0x69, 0x39, 0x27,
              0xD8, 0x08, 0xE3, 0x35, 0xE8, 0xD8, 0xCB, 0xF2,
              0x12, 0x19, 0x07, 0x50, 0x9A, 0x57, 0x75, 0x9B,
              0x4F, 0x9A, 0x18, 0xFA, 0x3A, 0x7B, 0x33, 0x37,
              0x79, 0xED, 0xDE, 0x7A, 0x45, 0x93, 0x84, 0xF8,
              0x44, 0x4A, 0xDA, 0xEC, 0xFF, 0xEC, 0x95, 0xFD,
              0x55, 0x2B, 0x0C, 0xFC, 0xB6, 0xC7, 0xF6, 0x92,
              0x62, 0x6D, 0xDE, 0x1E, 0xF2, 0x68, 0xA4, 0x0D,
              0x2F, 0x67, 0xB5, 0xC8, 0xAA, 0x38, 0x7F, 0xF7 },
            /* exponent1 */
            1020,
            { 0x09, 0xED, 0x54, 0xEA, 0xED, 0x98, 0xF8, 0x4C,
              0x55, 0x7B, 0x4A, 0x86, 0xBF, 0x4F, 0x57, 0x84,
              0x93, 0xDC, 0xBC, 0x6B, 0xE9, 0x1D, 0xA1, 0x89,
              0x37, 0x04, 0x04, 0xA9, 0x08, 0x72, 0x76, 0xF4,
              0xCE, 0x51, 0xD8, 0xA1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x85, 0x7D,
              0xC2, 0xB0, 0x64, 0x94, 0x74, 0xF3, 0xF1, 0x5C,
              0xD2, 0x4C, 0x54, 0xDB, 0x28, 0x71, 0x10, 0xE5,
              0x6E, 0x5C, 0xB0, 0x08, 0x68, 0x2F, 0x91, 0x68,
              0xAA, 0x81, 0xF3, 0x14, 0x58, 0xB7, 0x43, 0x1E,
              0xCC, 0x1C, 0x44, 0x90, 0x6F, 0xDA, 0x87, 0xCA,
              0x89, 0x47, 0x10, 0xC3, 0x71, 0xE9, 0x07, 0x6C,
              0x1D, 0x49, 0xFB, 0xAE, 0x51, 0x27, 0x69, 0x34,
              0xF2, 0xAD, 0x78, 0x77, 0x89, 0xF4, 0x2D, 0x0F,
              0xA0, 0xB4, 0xC9, 0x39, 0x85, 0x5D, 0x42, 0x12,
              0x09, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x28, 0x0A, 0x4E, 0xAE, 0x7C,
              0x8A, 0x27, 0xD9, 0xC8, 0xD0, 0x77, 0x2E, 0x65 },
            /* exponent2 */
            1024,
            { 0x8C, 0xB6, 0x85, 0x7A, 0x7B, 0xD5, 0x46, 0x5F,
              0x80, 0x04, 0x7E, 0x9B, 0x87, 0xBC, 0x00, 0x27,
              0x31, 0x84, 0x05, 0x81, 0xE0, 0x62, 0x61, 0x39,
              0x01, 0x2A, 0x5B, 0x50, 0x5F, 0x0A, 0x33, 0x84,
              0x7E, 0xB7, 0xB8, 0xC3, 0x28, 0x99, 0x49, 0xAD,
              0x48, 0x6F, 0x3B, 0x4B, 0x3D, 0x53, 0x9A, 0xB5,
              0xDA, 0x76, 0x30, 0x21, 0xCB, 0xC8, 0x2C, 0x1B,
              0xA2, 0x34, 0xA5, 0x66, 0x8D, 0xED, 0x08, 0x01,
              0xB8, 0x59, 0xF3, 0x43, 0xF1, 0xCE, 0x93, 0x04,
              0xE6, 0xFA, 0xA2, 0xB0, 0x02, 0xCA, 0xD9, 0xB7,
              0x8C, 0xDE, 0x5C, 0xDC, 0x2C, 0x1F, 0xB4, 0x17,
              0x1C, 0x42, 0x42, 0x16, 0x70, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0x0F,
              0x50, 0xCC, 0x4A, 0x19, 0x4E, 0xB3, 0x6D, 0x1C,
              0x91, 0xE9, 0x35, 0xBA, 0x01, 0xB9, 0x59, 0xD8,
              0x72, 0x8B, 0x9E, 0x64, 0x42, 0x6B, 0x3F, 0xC3,
              0xA7, 0x50, 0x6D, 0xEB, 0x52, 0x39, 0xA8, 0xA7 }

¶

RSA-2048 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAsPnoGUOnrpiSqt4XynxA+HRP7S+BSObI6qJ7fQAVSPtRkqso
    tWxQYLEYzNEx5ZSHTGypibVsJylvCfuToDTfMul8b/CZjP2Ob0LdpYrNH6l5hvFE
    89FU1nZQF15oVLOpUgA7wGiHuEVawrGfey92UE68mOyUVXGweJIVDdxqdMoPvNNU
    l86BU02vlBiESxOuox+dWmuVV7vfYZ79Toh/LUK43YvJh+rhv4nKuF7iHjVjBd9s
    B6iDjj70HFldzOQ9r8SRI+9NirupPTkF5AKNe6kUhKJ1luB7S27ZkvB3tSTT3P59
    3VVJvnzOjaA1z6Cz+4+eRvcysqhrRgFlwI9TEwIDAQABAoIBAEEYiyDP29vCzx/+
    dS3LqnI5BjUuJhXUnc6AWX/PCgVAO+8A+gZRgvct7PtZb0sM6P9ZcLrweomlGezI
    FrL0/6xQaa8bBr/ve/a8155OgcjFo6fZEw3Dz7ra5fbSiPmu4/b/kvrg+Br1l77J
    aun6uUAs1f5B9wW+vbR7tzbT/mxaUeDiBzKpe15GwcvbJtdIVMa2YErtRjc1/5B2
    BGVXyvlJv0SIlcIEMsHgnAFOp1ZgQ08aDzvilLq8XVMOahAhP1O2A3X8hKdXPyrx
    IVWE9bS9ptTo+eF6eNl+d7htpKGEZHUxinoQpWEBTv+iOoHsVunkEJ3vjLP3lyI/
    fY0NQ1ECgYEA3RBXAjgvIys2gfU3keImF8e/TprLge1I2vbWmV2j6rZCg5r/AS0u
    pii5CvJ5/T5vfJPNgPBy8B/yRDs+6PJO1GmnlhOkG9JAIPkv0RBZvR0PMBtbp6nT
    Y3yo1lwamBVBfY6rc0sLTzosZh2aGoLzrHNMQFMGaauORzBFpY5lU50CgYEAzPHl
    u5DI6Xgep1vr8QvCUuEesCOgJg8Yh1UqVoY/SmQh6MYAv1I9bLGwrb3WW/7kqIoD
    fj0aQV5buVZI2loMomtU9KY5SFIsPV+JuUpy7/+VE01ZQM5FdY8wiYCQiVZYju9X
    Wz5LxMNoz+gT7pwlLCsC4N+R8aoBk404aF1gum8CgYAJ7VTq7Zj4TFV7Soa/T1eE
    k9y8a+kdoYk3BASpCHJ29M5R2KEA7YV9wrBklHTz8VzSTFTbKHEQ5W5csAhoL5Fo
    qoHzFFi3Qx7MHESQb9qHyolHEMNx6QdsHUn7rlEnaTTyrXh3ifQtD6C0yTmFXUIS
    CW9wKApOrnyKJ9nI0HcuZQKBgQCMtoV6e9VGX4AEfpuHvAAnMYQFgeBiYTkBKltQ
    XwozhH63uMMomUmtSG87Sz1TmrXadjAhy8gsG6I0pWaN7QgBuFnzQ/HOkwTm+qKw
    AsrZt4zeXNwsH7QXHEJCFnCmqw9QzEoZTrNtHJHpNboBuVnYcoueZEJrP8OnUG3r
    UjmopwKBgAqB2KYYMUqAOvYcBnEfLDmyZv9BTVNHbR2lKkMYqv5LlvDaBxVfilE0
    2riO4p6BaAdvzXjKeRrGNEKoHNBpOSfYCOM16NjL8hIZB1CaV3WbT5oY+jp7Mzd5
    7d56RZOE+ERK2uz/7JX9VSsM/LbH9pJibd4e8mikDS9ntciqOH/3
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

RSA-4096 key "testRSA4096":¶

            /* n */
            4096,
            { 0xB3, 0x8B, 0x49, 0x60, 0xE6, 0x3B, 0xE6, 0xA8,
              0xDB, 0xA8, 0x9A, 0x82, 0x97, 0x8E, 0xF1, 0xF6,
              0x32, 0x44, 0xE5, 0x57, 0x7D, 0x8C, 0xF5, 0x86,
              0x16, 0xD5, 0xCA, 0x57, 0x59, 0xD4, 0x9C, 0xC8,
              0xD9, 0x36, 0xC3, 0x38, 0xAA, 0x3C, 0xB9, 0xB1,
              0x11, 0xC1, 0x49, 0x7E, 0x5B, 0x51, 0xAF, 0x69,
              0x2F, 0x26, 0x11, 0xE6, 0x89, 0xF7, 0x67, 0x54,
              0x80, 0xC0, 0xB0, 0xF4, 0xC3, 0x65, 0x4F, 0x43,
              0xAF, 0x85, 0xFE, 0x8C, 0x8A, 0xD7, 0x34, 0xE0,
              0x42, 0xA8, 0xAD, 0xA0, 0x5F, 0xD7, 0x65, 0x08,
              0xE0, 0x0B, 0xA0, 0xF7, 0x56, 0xC3, 0x44, 0x3B,
              0xBE, 0x83, 0x3E, 0xA7, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xD4, 0xFB,
              0x36, 0x7E, 0xEB, 0xD6, 0x0B, 0xDB, 0x64, 0x86,
              0x77, 0xFC, 0x7D, 0xEB, 0x94, 0x24, 0x4D, 0xAD,
              0x1A, 0xF8, 0xEE, 0xD1, 0xC6, 0x58, 0x12, 0xC0,
              0x3E, 0x7C, 0x73, 0xF7, 0xF3, 0x58, 0xE9, 0x41,
              0xBC, 0x66, 0x45, 0x8F, 0xF7, 0xBB, 0x97, 0xA4,
              0x9A, 0x98, 0xA1, 0x18, 0x07, 0xE0, 0x2C, 0x1A,
              0x3B, 0x9A, 0xD3, 0x3A, 0x57, 0x3A, 0xE1, 0x80,
              0xE1, 0xFF, 0x43, 0x2A, 0xE5, 0x58, 0x0C, 0xC9,
              0xCA, 0xBF, 0xAB, 0x60, 0x2F, 0x32, 0x5B, 0xCD,
              0xA0, 0x97, 0xE8, 0x7B, 0xC7, 0xA6, 0xD7, 0x4E,
              0x34, 0xA8, 0x7D, 0x60, 0x8A, 0x43, 0xFE, 0xB2,
              0xE4, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0xF4, 0xB8, 0xE7, 0x68, 0x6A,
              0x98, 0x47, 0x5D, 0xB5, 0x1A, 0x6E, 0xBD, 0x08,
              0x17, 0x2A, 0x57, 0x41, 0x77, 0x49, 0x24, 0x8B,
              0x21, 0x55, 0xC8, 0xB9, 0x06, 0xE0, 0xD5, 0x40,
              0xE8, 0xCB, 0x28, 0xF4, 0xC0, 0x0A, 0xDC, 0x9F,
              0xE4, 0x75, 0x8A, 0x1A, 0xC3, 0x64, 0xAB, 0x39,
              0xE4, 0xE1, 0x55, 0x28, 0x98, 0x54, 0x44, 0x15,
              0x3F, 0xEE, 0xC6, 0xAD, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x48, 0xB2,
              0xE3, 0x8F, 0xF5, 0x50, 0xF5, 0xFA, 0x58, 0x33,
              0x97, 0x93, 0x37, 0x30, 0xC8, 0x08, 0x81, 0xBF,
              0x11, 0xEE, 0xE8, 0xFE, 0x38, 0x6D, 0x5B, 0x51,
              0x28, 0x49, 0xA9, 0x83, 0x99, 0x43, 0xAB, 0xF3,
              0xD9, 0x72, 0x20, 0x76, 0x97, 0xB8, 0xEC, 0x24,
              0x11, 0xA2, 0x61, 0x9D, 0x55, 0xCA, 0x04, 0x23,
              0x3C, 0x5A, 0x2C, 0xED, 0xC6, 0xF2, 0x86, 0xD8,
              0x29, 0xD0, 0xE8, 0x37, 0x20, 0x7B, 0x76, 0x52,
              0x9A, 0xA2, 0x44, 0x87, 0x21, 0x26, 0x8D, 0xC0,
              0x15, 0x0B, 0xB7, 0xB0, 0x7E, 0x73, 0x31, 0x3A,
              0x71, 0x3E, 0x58, 0x95, 0xBA, 0xAF, 0x3A, 0xDF,
              0xFA, 0x60, 0x39, 0x58, 0xC5, 0x67, 0xF8, 0x5C,
              0xF2, 0x5B, 0x1D, 0x80, 0xA2, 0x77, 0x56, 0xA3,
              0x0D, 0x1A, 0x50, 0xA1, 0xE4, 0x69, 0x8E, 0xDA,
              0x9A, 0x12, 0x2B, 0xB0, 0xAA, 0x7A, 0x60, 0xF7,
              0xCD, 0x22, 0x6C, 0xB1, 0x16, 0x5C, 0xFC, 0xF9,
              0xCA, 0x83, 0x0A, 0x60, 0x6C, 0xC0, 0xFB, 0x14,
              0x87, 0xF2, 0x49, 0xE5, 0xE0, 0xC7, 0x1C, 0x88,
              0x62, 0x6C, 0x57, 0x12, 0x80, 0x81, 0xDE, 0x76,
              0xC1, 0x23, 0x84, 0xB6, 0xD4, 0x48, 0xB6, 0x7F,
              0x0E, 0x71, 0x23, 0xAE, 0xEF, 0x74, 0xA8, 0x85,
              0x96, 0x03, 0x74, 0x75, 0x54, 0x83, 0xF2, 0x90,
              0xA7, 0xDE, 0x66, 0x46, 0x5E, 0x22, 0x7B, 0x2B,
              0x17, 0x31, 0x8F, 0x8A, 0x49, 0x05, 0x2B, 0x01,
              0x45, 0xFB, 0xA2, 0x83, 0x77, 0x2B, 0xC2, 0x9A,
              0x5B, 0x58, 0x12, 0xAC, 0xCE, 0xE3, 0xAB, 0x62,
              0x81, 0x70, 0x19, 0xE5, 0x48, 0x07, 0xF2, 0x88,
              0x97, 0x12, 0xB7, 0xB8, 0xF3, 0x03, 0xBA, 0x5F,
              0xE1, 0x47, 0xF9, 0xC2, 0xF3, 0x43, 0x4A, 0xB7,
              0x03, 0xC1, 0xD9, 0x46, 0x73, 0x43, 0x82, 0xA0,
              0xA3, 0x53, 0xF4, 0xE0, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0xA2, 0x6A,
              0x4B, 0xBF, 0x21, 0xCE, 0x9E, 0xB5, 0xE7, 0x9D,
              0x47, 0x57, 0xD7, 0xDE, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x20, 0xE5 },
            /* e */
            17,
            { 0x01, 0x00, 0x01 },
            /* d */
            4095,
            { 0x6A, 0xD1, 0xB0, 0xBB, 0x7C, 0xDF, 0x20, 0x91,
              0x4F, 0xF6, 0x94, 0xCE, 0xA3, 0x7B, 0x01, 0x4B,
              0xD7, 0x86, 0x93, 0xE8, 0x24, 0xA3, 0x4B, 0xA4,
              0x16, 0x4B, 0xE5, 0xD1, 0x68, 0x79, 0x8D, 0x3A,
              0x15, 0xB9, 0x76, 0x16, 0x6D, 0x7A, 0x29, 0x84,
              0x46, 0xAA, 0xF7, 0x9D, 0xBC, 0x98, 0xF1, 0xC2,
              0xA3, 0xB1, 0x83, 0xAE, 0xE4, 0x60, 0x94, 0x52,
              0x7B, 0x33, 0xA9, 0x54, 0x46, 0x38, 0x2D, 0x1B,
              0x78, 0xFF, 0x40, 0x7D, 0xBF, 0x50, 0xE0, 0x7D,
              0x98, 0x4B, 0x20, 0xD9, 0xAC, 0x8B, 0xCA, 0xE9,
              0xA7, 0xDA, 0x63, 0x4F, 0x24, 0x88, 0x92, 0x3C,
              0xF5, 0x50, 0xC2, 0x63, 0x37, 0x7E, 0xC6, 0x38,
              0x1B, 0xA9, 0x11, 0x88, 0xCC, 0x8F, 0x1F, 0xD4,
              0xBC, 0xE8, 0x34, 0xC6, 0x86, 0xE1, 0xBE, 0x71,
              0x01, 0xFE, 0x1E, 0xA0, 0x21, 0xE0, 0x5E, 0x6F,
              0x8F, 0xFD, 0x9D, 0x45, 0x64, 0xBB, 0x7E, 0x33,
              0x84, 0xF2, 0x57, 0xEA, 0x9A, 0x9A, 0x3A, 0x53,
              0x4D, 0x43, 0x07, 0x7C, 0xF3, 0x9A, 0x94, 0xC2,
              0x9A, 0xB9, 0xB7, 0x78, 0x1B, 0x53, 0xC5, 0xBC,
              0x57, 0x38, 0xF6, 0x6E, 0x3B, 0xFA, 0xD1, 0xC8,
              0xF0, 0xDE, 0x6E, 0x08, 0x90, 0xAB, 0xE6, 0x60,
              0x85, 0x6E, 0x3B, 0x7C, 0x01, 0x41, 0xAB, 0x11,
              0x35, 0x55, 0x15, 0x1A, 0xED, 0xC8, 0x1C, 0x6D,
              0xB4, 0xBE, 0xED, 0xE6, 0x0A, 0x68, 0x6B, 0x00,
              0x18, 0x4F, 0x45, 0x5A, 0x2D, 0x3A, 0xBB, 0x2E,
              0x68, 0x11, 0xE1, 0xCD, 0xEA, 0x39, 0x53, 0x0B,
              0x8F, 0xAE, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0x24, 0x36, 0x79, 0xC9,
              0xDF, 0x76, 0x97, 0x8C, 0x5E, 0x01, 0x58, 0x57,
              0xAC, 0xA5, 0x9D, 0x9F, 0xE4, 0xA6, 0x2D, 0x15,
              0x09, 0xAE, 0x62, 0x6A, 0xFF, 0x8E, 0x0A, 0xDF,
              0x95, 0xA4, 0xEB, 0x01, 0x49, 0xCA, 0xB7, 0x12,
              0xEF, 0x3E, 0xC3, 0xD6, 0x02, 0x32, 0x8A, 0x6C,
              0x50, 0x21, 0xBA, 0x1B, 0x35, 0xB8, 0x58, 0x3D,
              0x9A, 0x90, 0x40, 0x55, 0x03, 0xF5, 0xFA, 0x0F,
              0x42, 0x4C, 0x72, 0x86, 0x23, 0xFC, 0x81, 0xD3,
              0xDD, 0x7B, 0xFF, 0x1B, 0xF7, 0x8C, 0x8E, 0x2E,
              0xBD, 0x03, 0xA5, 0x11, 0x2D, 0xEB, 0x65, 0x89,
              0x98, 0x6E, 0x49, 0xBD, 0x30, 0x07, 0x1A, 0xD8,
              0x41, 0xA3, 0xCC, 0xA8, 0x07, 0x6C, 0xCF, 0xC7,
              0x94, 0x63, 0x30, 0xB1, 0xFD, 0x1C, 0x21, 0x2A,
              0xD3, 0xEB, 0xD3, 0x7D, 0x9A, 0x4D, 0x0A, 0x96,
              0x95, 0xB8, 0x16, 0x8A, 0x08, 0x89, 0x32, 0x7D,
              0x52, 0x6F, 0x16, 0xD1, 0x56, 0x37, 0xFA, 0x9D,
              0xBF, 0x04, 0xB0, 0xB8, 0x3D, 0xD8, 0xB5, 0xC4,
              0x05, 0x2D, 0xC5, 0x38, 0xB6, 0xCA, 0xE9, 0xC9,
              0x2E, 0xC9, 0x70, 0x10, 0x7A, 0x2F, 0x1E, 0xE4,
              0xD4, 0x7A, 0x65, 0xCC, 0xA5, 0xB9, 0x59, 0x6E,
              0x42, 0x74, 0x91, 0x9B, 0xE7, 0xD1, 0xEC, 0x90,
              0xE4, 0x50, 0xFE, 0x58, 0x58, 0xDC, 0x2E, 0x01,
              0xE8, 0x4E, 0xBD, 0x92, 0x07, 0xD8, 0xEA, 0x20,
              0xFA, 0x37, 0x14, 0x0E, 0x89, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xD6,
              0x50, 0x1F, 0x22, 0x61, 0x97, 0x18, 0x04, 0xDE,
              0x73, 0x68, 0x0F, 0xE6, 0x1C, 0x23, 0x5C, 0x8F,
              0x4E, 0x63, 0x1F, 0xF0, 0x6D, 0xBD, 0xEE, 0x66,
              0x6D, 0xBB, 0x9A, 0xFB, 0xFD, 0xA3, 0xB9, 0x71,
              0xC3, 0x29, 0x0D, 0x7B, 0xDE, 0xF5, 0xC5, 0x78,
              0x5A, 0x07, 0x1B, 0xE9, 0x4A, 0xE1, 0x8A, 0x0B,
              0x2E, 0xD8, 0xAE, 0x67, 0x9A, 0xBA, 0xA6, 0x10,
              0x85, 0x28, 0xA8, 0x5E, 0x31, 0x7F, 0x87, 0xA8,
              0x99, 0xC5, 0x89, 0xF4, 0xA8, 0xAD, 0x42, 0x90,
              0xA6, 0xCA, 0x1E, 0xF9, 0xF1, 0x4D, 0x8D, 0x0A,
              0x7A, 0x66, 0xDC, 0x75, 0x0B, 0x69, 0xB1, 0x9C,
              0xB2, 0x58, 0x28, 0xC3, 0xEA, 0xF0, 0x42, 0x21,
              0x5C, 0x09, 0xAA, 0xD4, 0xA9, 0x54, 0xE8, 0x55 },
            /* p */
            2048,
            { 0xE0, 0x41, 0xBD, 0xF1, 0xC9, 0xB5, 0x69, 0xAC,
              0xF5, 0xE8, 0x02, 0x2D, 0x21, 0x1B, 0x87, 0x1B,
              0x5F, 0x29, 0x21, 0x41, 0xA5, 0x89, 0xFD, 0x0F,
              0x6D, 0xCB, 0x59, 0x47, 0x6B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0xA4,
              0x01, 0x8D, 0xD7, 0xA1, 0xE1, 0x08, 0x39, 0x32,
              0x74, 0x5E, 0xF3, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0x31,
              0x3E, 0xED, 0x4C, 0xB1, 0x68, 0x1D, 0xEF, 0x9D,
              0x29, 0xCC, 0x3F, 0xE8, 0x7A, 0xF7, 0xAD, 0x19,
              0xE9, 0xEF, 0x34, 0x56, 0x62, 0xC9, 0xC4, 0xF4,
              0xE6, 0xE7, 0x07, 0xAA, 0x4E, 0x99, 0x49, 0x63,
              0x4C, 0x08, 0x64, 0x71, 0xA5, 0x5B, 0x67, 0x46,
              0xC2, 0xAE, 0xEF, 0x87, 0x71, 0xEF, 0x21, 0xA2,
              0xEE, 0x8A, 0xB4, 0xDE, 0xC4, 0xC2, 0x04, 0x3C,
              0x70, 0xCF, 0xBA, 0x89, 0xE5, 0xEB, 0x2F, 0x62,
              0xEA, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x4B, 0xD4, 0x16, 0x67, 0x69,
              0x12, 0xA9, 0x58, 0x9F, 0xB3, 0xED, 0x70, 0x28,
              0x8F, 0x8A, 0x03, 0xD1, 0x91, 0xC5, 0x8A, 0x88,
              0x96, 0xE8, 0xB2, 0x0F, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0x91, 0x80,
              0xCE, 0xD3, 0x03, 0x59, 0xF7, 0x5F, 0x48, 0xAF,
              0xE9, 0x7C, 0x46, 0xEE, 0x59, 0xC9, 0x27, 0x1E,
              0x71, 0x37, 0x55, 0x4A, 0xD7, 0x05, 0x56, 0x17,
              0x84, 0x8F, 0xD3, 0x04, 0x1C, 0xD6, 0x30, 0x47,
              0xF6, 0x46, 0x2C, 0x0E, 0x66, 0xE1, 0x83, 0x9F,
              0x63, 0xC6, 0x12, 0xD4, 0xA3, 0x57, 0xF5, 0xE5,
              0x76, 0x35, 0x6A, 0xAA, 0xE7, 0xC6, 0x4A, 0xC0,
              0xBF, 0xD9, 0xD6, 0x5E, 0xDF, 0x4B, 0x2F, 0x34,
              0xDA, 0xDB, 0xDF, 0x69, 0x06, 0x20, 0xC8, 0x95,
              0xCA, 0x44, 0xD9, 0x61, 0xDA, 0x05, 0xB1, 0x36,
              0x2B, 0x4A, 0xD5, 0xDA, 0xAC, 0xB9, 0x0F, 0xF5,
              0x86, 0x33, 0x5E, 0xCD, 0x7E, 0x1D, 0x7A, 0x16,
              0x00, 0xCB, 0x1A, 0xB3, 0x72, 0x69, 0x5B, 0x6E,
              0xC7, 0x71, 0x76, 0x21, 0xDB, 0xBE, 0x93, 0x57 },
            /* q */
            2048,
            { 0xCC, 0xF5, 0x51, 0x29, 0xD3, 0xB9, 0x24, 0xC8,
              0x38, 0xA7, 0x6C, 0xD3, 0x69, 0xD4, 0x6E, 0x9C,
              0xB8, 0x13, 0xFE, 0x3B, 0x39, 0xBA, 0xF1, 0xEB,
              0x10, 0x18, 0x47, 0xD3, 0x1D, 0x09, 0x13, 0x50,
              0x03, 0xAB, 0x2F, 0xC2, 0x39, 0x43, 0x1C, 0xDA,
              0x6E, 0x99, 0x08, 0x88, 0x3D, 0xE8, 0xA0, 0x54,
              0x6E, 0x35, 0x28, 0x37, 0xD4, 0xEB, 0x95, 0xCB,
              0x41, 0xD8, 0xEE, 0xC1, 0x4A, 0x66, 0xCD, 0x38,
              0xC2, 0x24, 0x7E, 0x82, 0xA3, 0x94, 0x39, 0x29,
              0x27, 0xBB, 0xF5, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x65, 0x5E, 0x0F,
              0x2A, 0xC2, 0x43, 0xE5, 0xFB, 0x87, 0x6F, 0xD2,
              0x0B, 0x48, 0x76, 0x73, 0xA2, 0x77, 0x2D, 0xA9,
              0x70, 0xC1, 0xDF, 0x47, 0xA3, 0x2D, 0xEA, 0x8A,
              0x75, 0xE7, 0x09, 0x54, 0x73, 0x22, 0x9C, 0x69,
              0x3C, 0x88, 0x6A, 0x31, 0x6D, 0x2C, 0xEC, 0xBF,
              0x03, 0x59, 0x7B, 0x04, 0xCA, 0x9E, 0xCA, 0xBD,
              0xA3, 0x36, 0x6E, 0x07, 0x64, 0x88, 0x05, 0x9B,
              0x24, 0x59, 0x6F, 0x5D, 0xF6, 0xE8, 0x56, 0x97,
              0xDB, 0xE6, 0x2A, 0xB2, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0x71, 0xAC,
              0x7F, 0x74, 0x3B, 0x64, 0x12, 0x6D, 0x01, 0xF2,
              0xB3, 0x61, 0x27, 0x16, 0xEC, 0xA7, 0x69, 0x75,
              0xE5, 0x14, 0xED, 0x4D, 0x78, 0xA3, 0x22, 0x90,
              0xBE, 0x0A, 0x82, 0xF1, 0x44, 0x14, 0x99, 0x2B,
              0xD1, 0x80, 0x3D, 0xAD, 0xC9, 0x83, 0xDD, 0xF2,
              0x76, 0xD2, 0xCA, 0xE1, 0xA0, 0xA9, 0x03, 0xF9,
              0x1E, 0x78, 0xBE, 0x3C, 0x0B, 0xCA, 0xF5, 0x8F,
              0x3C, 0xE9, 0x8D, 0x12, 0x3A, 0xA6, 0xC8, 0x5F,
              0x65, 0x51, 0xC5, 0x70, 0x07, 0xFE, 0x47, 0x7A,
              0xC8, 0x7E, 0x03, 0x8B, 0x9A, 0x94, 0xAC, 0xC6,
              0x20, 0xDE, 0x12, 0x25, 0x81, 0x05, 0x34, 0x4A,
              0x0C, 0xFB, 0x37, 0x65, 0x50, 0x5E, 0x8E, 0x7E,
              0xC8, 0x6A, 0xC0, 0x86, 0xF6, 0x55, 0x64, 0x23 },
            /* u */
            2048,
            { 0xD1, 0x0C, 0x91, 0x8D, 0xA9, 0xF2, 0x6D, 0xA9,
              0x4D, 0xFF, 0x3B, 0x09, 0x24, 0x3C, 0x8C, 0xC3,
              0xD4, 0x39, 0x02, 0x6D, 0xE6, 0x2B, 0x9E, 0x9F,
              0x37, 0xAC, 0x60, 0xBB, 0xD7, 0xA9, 0x52, 0xCB,
              0x07, 0x84, 0x94, 0xBD, 0x73, 0x7E, 0xCC, 0x3A,
              0x65, 0x0C, 0x93, 0xC4, 0x2E, 0xD7, 0xF6, 0x49,
              0x02, 0x07, 0xAE, 0x99, 0x6B, 0x3C, 0xD1, 0xFF,
              0x1F, 0x4D, 0x63, 0x9D, 0x61, 0xDD, 0xD1, 0xE7,
              0x12, 0x8D, 0x56, 0x3C, 0x1C, 0x16, 0xC8, 0xB3,
              0x9D, 0x94, 0xD5, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x93, 0x7F, 0xE6,
              0x5A, 0x38, 0xB8, 0x19, 0xE4, 0x69, 0xF8, 0x8C,
              0x3C, 0xE0, 0x25, 0x21, 0xE2, 0xAD, 0xA9, 0xE3,
              0x46, 0xE6, 0xA1, 0xBD, 0x51, 0x27, 0xC7, 0xBD,
              0xB2, 0x1D, 0xA2, 0xC6, 0x11, 0xE3, 0x5F, 0x6C,
              0x89, 0xE7, 0xDD, 0x66, 0xA0, 0x66, 0xCB, 0x23,
              0x3E, 0xF9, 0x6B, 0xAD, 0x1A, 0xD3, 0x99, 0x94,
              0x0C, 0xAD, 0x05, 0x5A, 0xDF, 0x5C, 0x58, 0x79,
              0xF8, 0x30, 0xA8, 0x08, 0x3C, 0xA6, 0xD6, 0xC0,
              0x58, 0x58, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x03, 0x0A, 0x33, 0xBF,
              0xB4, 0xAD, 0x83, 0xB5, 0xCC, 0x92, 0x9F, 0x2F,
              0x6C, 0xA2, 0x1E, 0x50, 0x29, 0x54, 0x2B, 0x8A,
              0xEB, 0xE7, 0x6B, 0x69, 0x44, 0xE1, 0x86, 0x3E,
              0x39, 0x47, 0x3B, 0x6E, 0xD9, 0xAD, 0x92, 0x6A,
              0x7D, 0xBF, 0xE2, 0xC7, 0x28, 0xE2, 0x3C, 0x74,
              0xF6, 0x9B, 0xB0, 0xE0, 0x54, 0xF1, 0x9F, 0x14,
              0x6C, 0xE1, 0x9E, 0x1D, 0x23, 0x6B, 0x65, 0x34,
              0x30, 0xA7, 0x1D, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x4A, 0xE2, 0x0E,
              0x0D, 0x14, 0x13, 0x31, 0x66, 0xA1, 0x8A, 0xDF,
              0x6E, 0xF7, 0xFE, 0xD9, 0x5C, 0xC4, 0x64, 0x35,
              0xFF, 0x4C, 0x96, 0x23, 0x2B, 0xD5, 0x64, 0x03,
              0xCC, 0x39, 0xFB, 0x16, 0xAD, 0xF2, 0x24, 0xB4,
              0xFD, 0xEB, 0x8A, 0xBA, 0xF4, 0x91, 0x31, 0xBF },
            /* exponent1 */
            2046,
            { 0x2F, 0x7C, 0x1C, 0x31, 0x37, 0x69, 0xCF, 0x6F,
              0x8D, 0x3E, 0x4C, 0x3F, 0xAC, 0x13, 0xFD, 0x1E,
              0xC1, 0x9E, 0x9E, 0xE9, 0x1C, 0x99, 0x44, 0x59,
              0x61, 0x01, 0x3E, 0xED, 0x4D, 0x73, 0xCD, 0x9E,
              0xED, 0xA9, 0x50, 0x30, 0x79, 0xCA, 0xD8, 0xF9,
              0xA3, 0x04, 0x7C, 0x0F, 0xD7, 0x01, 0x08, 0x2B,
              0x30, 0x4C, 0xE5, 0x01, 0x67, 0xAF, 0x77, 0x0E,
              0x4B, 0x4C, 0x71, 0x77, 0xD3, 0x99, 0xE0, 0x30,
              0x6D, 0x85, 0x76, 0x0A, 0x98, 0xAE, 0x6A, 0xA3,
              0x04, 0xC5, 0x84, 0xAC, 0xFE, 0x29, 0x9D, 0x0D,
              0x86, 0x8A, 0xFC, 0x61, 0xC8, 0x06, 0xBB, 0xAE,
              0x93, 0x08, 0xA1, 0xB5, 0x87, 0x5D, 0x80, 0x3C,
              0xD4, 0xCF, 0xD0, 0x0E, 0x9F, 0x91, 0x09, 0x7E,
              0x96, 0xD0, 0x95, 0x8A, 0x1F, 0x82, 0x16, 0x2D,
              0x96, 0xAA, 0x80, 0xFB, 0xC0, 0x73, 0xE1, 0xFF,
              0xB0, 0xB0, 0xE5, 0x10, 0x23, 0xF4, 0x31, 0xDC,
              0x94, 0xD0, 0x3F, 0x90, 0xBF, 0x92, 0x19, 0x8C,
              0x64, 0x8F, 0xEF, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x78, 0x38, 0x4D,
              0x12, 0xFE, 0x41, 0x66, 0x6A, 0x67, 0xE5, 0xA7,
              0x42, 0x04, 0x4B, 0xAC, 0xAA, 0x9C, 0x5A, 0x49,
              0x2A, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x8C, 0x80, 0x4D, 0x23, 0xF6,
              0xA4, 0xDE, 0x23, 0x6B, 0x6A, 0x83, 0xBC, 0x03,
              0x70, 0xD5, 0x58, 0xFC, 0xCF, 0xB2, 0x0E, 0xC1,
              0xD0, 0x49, 0x9F, 0xB1, 0x20, 0xC9, 0x3E, 0x4B,
              0x11, 0x25, 0xAC, 0x69, 0x75, 0xDC, 0x59, 0xF5,
              0xC8, 0x69, 0xE2, 0xE7, 0x81, 0xD6, 0x94, 0xAF,
              0x57, 0x6C, 0x59, 0x39, 0x0E, 0xD0, 0x20, 0x48,
              0xFF, 0x64, 0x66, 0xB7, 0x3E, 0x88, 0x18, 0x07,
              0x05, 0x51, 0xBA, 0x48, 0xAC, 0x6C, 0x1F, 0x41,
              0xF8, 0xE1, 0xA5, 0xC0, 0x53, 0x65, 0x00, 0x75,
              0xEA, 0x43, 0x17, 0x6B, 0x49, 0xDD, 0x9F, 0x3B,
              0xAC, 0xC5, 0x8C, 0xA3, 0x0C, 0xB9, 0xA4, 0xCF },
            /* exponent2 */
            2047,
            { 0x57, 0x5A, 0x87, 0x09, 0x28, 0xAF, 0xD4, 0x39,
              0x71, 0xCC, 0x09, 0xD9, 0xE1, 0x55, 0x24, 0xFF,
              0xAE, 0x84, 0xF6, 0xEA, 0x0F, 0x24, 0xDA, 0x4E,
              0xB1, 0x41, 0x67, 0xFB, 0x56, 0x78, 0xB3, 0xBE,
              0x7A, 0x91, 0xCF, 0x7D, 0x1C, 0x22, 0xBA, 0x7D,
              0x6E, 0x7D, 0xD2, 0xE1, 0x1E, 0x61, 0xB3, 0x53,
              0xC8, 0xD4, 0xE7, 0x1B, 0x44, 0xA8, 0x53, 0xE3,
              0x99, 0x60, 0xF8, 0x01, 0x71, 0xD0, 0x76, 0xCF,
              0x26, 0x0F, 0x9F, 0xCB, 0xD6, 0x24, 0x2A, 0x68,
              0x9C, 0x02, 0xC4, 0x0D, 0x0B, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x2A,
              0x36, 0xB3, 0x2D, 0x75, 0x2B, 0xCB, 0x01, 0xA1,
              0xA8, 0x25, 0x6E, 0x36, 0xC2, 0x9B, 0xC0, 0xDE,
              0x62, 0xAC, 0x7E, 0x99, 0x6D, 0xB6, 0xF8, 0x2B,
              0xA3, 0x2C, 0xA1, 0x11, 0x59, 0x30, 0xFB, 0x30,
              0xEF, 0x17, 0xC5, 0x0A, 0xE3, 0xD9, 0x2D, 0xDE,
              0x0B, 0x73, 0x6B, 0xB7, 0x13, 0x14, 0xB2, 0x9C,
              0x38, 0x9F, 0xCE, 0x2D, 0x60, 0x6F, 0x88, 0xD4,
              0x22, 0x9D, 0xEB, 0x95, 0x44, 0xD2, 0xA9, 0x75,
              0x77, 0xC7, 0x95, 0x93, 0x49, 0xEE, 0xF8, 0xD3,
              0xE8, 0x4E, 0x85, 0xB1, 0x95, 0x18, 0xD8, 0xA7,
              0xB4, 0x44, 0x48, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x44, 0x68, 0xF2,
              0x52, 0x7C, 0xA4, 0xD7, 0x4B, 0xFF, 0x5B, 0x90,
              0x0D, 0x2F, 0x35, 0xB7, 0xD6, 0xA8, 0x60, 0xD0,
              0x08, 0x2E, 0x7C, 0x1B, 0x41, 0xB3, 0xEE, 0x38,
              0x94, 0xE4, 0x2A, 0x8C, 0x17, 0x89, 0x71, 0xA4,
              0x0F, 0x94, 0xAE, 0x9F, 0xB0, 0xF7, 0x03, 0xC9,
              0xD4, 0xD0, 0x45, 0xCB, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x82, 0x63,
              0x06, 0x2F, 0xDF, 0xD2, 0x6B, 0xD5, 0xB8, 0x69,
              0x60, 0x62, 0x34, 0xE8, 0x9F, 0x2D, 0x96, 0xA5,
              0xAB, 0x04, 0x7A, 0xFF, 0x79, 0x09, 0xDA, 0xCB,
              0x64, 0xD4, 0xFD, 0x3B, 0x35, 0x11, 0xD7, 0xF1,
              0xB9, 0x41, 0xA6, 0x64, 0xDF, 0x40, 0x6D, 0xB9 }

¶

RSA-4096 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIJKAIBAAKCAgEAs4tJYOY75qjbqJqCl47x9jJE5Vd9jPWGFtXKV1nUnMjZNsM4
    qjy5sRHBSX5bUa9pLyYR5on3Z1SAwLD0w2VPQ6+F/oyK1zTgQqitoF/XZQjgC6D3
    VsNEO76DPqfRANT7Nn7r1gvbZIZ3/H3rlCRNrRr47tHGWBLAPnxz9/NY6UG8ZkWP
    97uXpJqYoRgH4CwaO5rTOlc64YDh/0Mq5VgMycq/q2AvMlvNoJfoe8em1040qH1g
    ikP+suT/8fS452hqmEddtRpuvQgXKldBd0kkiyFVyLkG4NVA6Mso9MAK3J/kdYoa
    w2SrOeThVSiYVEQVP+7GrUxTSLLjj/VQ9fpYM5eTNzDICIG/Ee7o/jhtW1EoSamD
    mUOr89lyIHaXuOwkEaJhnVXKBCM8WiztxvKG2CnQ6Dcge3ZSmqJEhyEmjcAVC7ew
    fnMxOnE+WJW6rzrf+mA5WMVn+FzyWx2AondWow0aUKHkaY7amhIrsKp6YPfNImyx
    Flz8+cqDCmBswPsUh/JJ5eDHHIhibFcSgIHedsEjhLbUSLZ/DnEjru90qIWWA3R1
    VIPykKfeZkZeInsrFzGPikkFKwFF+6KDdyvCmltYEqzO46tigXAZ5UgH8oiXEre4
    8wO6X+FH+cLzQ0q3A8HZRnNDgqCjU/Tgy76iaku/Ic6eteedR1fX3gJ/IOUCAwEA
    AQKCAgBq0bC7fN8gkU/2lM6jewFL14aT6CSjS6QWS+XRaHmNOhW5dhZteimERqr3
    nbyY8cKjsYOu5GCUUnszqVRGOC0beP9Afb9Q4H2YSyDZrIvK6afaY08kiJI89VDC
    Yzd+xjgbqRGIzI8f1LzoNMaG4b5xAf4eoCHgXm+P/Z1FZLt+M4TyV+qamjpTTUMH
    fPOalMKaubd4G1PFvFc49m47+tHI8N5uCJCr5mCFbjt8AUGrETVVFRrtyBxttL7t
    5gpoawAYT0VaLTq7LmgR4c3qOVMLj66o+CQ2ecnfdpeMXgFYV6ylnZ/kpi0VCa5i
    av+OCt+VpOsBScq3Eu8+w9YCMopsUCG6GzW4WD2akEBVA/X6D0JMcoYj/IHT3Xv/
    G/eMji69A6URLetliZhuSb0wBxrYQaPMqAdsz8eUYzCx/RwhKtPr032aTQqWlbgW
    igiJMn1SbxbRVjf6nb8EsLg92LXEBS3FOLbK6ckuyXAQei8e5NR6ZcyluVluQnSR
    m+fR7JDkUP5YWNwuAehOvZIH2Oog+jcUDonQENZQHyJhlxgE3nNoD+YcI1yPTmMf
    8G297mZtu5r7/aO5ccMpDXve9cV4Wgcb6Urhigsu2K5nmrqmEIUoqF4xf4eomcWJ
    9KitQpCmyh758U2NCnpm3HULabGcslgow+rwQiFcCarUqVToVQKCAQEA4EG98cm1
    aaz16AItIRuHG18pIUGlif0PbctZR2scHaQBjdeh4Qg5MnRe88Zs9/8xPu1MsWgd
    750pzD/oevetGenvNFZiycT05ucHqk6ZSWNMCGRxpVtnRsKu74dx7yGi7oq03sTC
    BDxwz7qJ5esvYuoHx0vUFmdpEqlYn7PtcCiPigPRkcWKiJbosg8e3pGAztMDWfdf
    SK/pfEbuWcknHnE3VUrXBVYXhI/TBBzWMEf2RiwOZuGDn2PGEtSjV/XldjVqqufG
    SsC/2dZe30svNNrb32kGIMiVykTZYdoFsTYrStXarLkP9YYzXs1+HXoWAMsas3Jp
    W27HcXYh276TVwKCAQEAzPVRKdO5JMg4p2zTadRunLgT/js5uvHrEBhH0x0JE1AD
    qy/COUMc2m6ZCIg96KBUbjUoN9TrlctB2O7BSmbNOMIkfoKjlDkpJ7v1cKhlXg8q
    wkPl+4dv0gtIdnOidy2pcMHfR6Mt6op15wlUcyKcaTyIajFtLOy/A1l7BMqeyr2j
    Nm4HZIgFmyRZb1326FaX2+YqsvjMcax/dDtkEm0B8rNhJxbsp2l15RTtTXijIpC+
    CoLxRBSZK9GAPa3Jg93ydtLK4aCpA/keeL48C8r1jzzpjRI6pshfZVHFcAf+R3rI
    fgOLmpSsxiDeEiWBBTRKDPs3ZVBejn7IasCG9lVkIwKCAQAvfBwxN2nPb40+TD+s
    E/0ewZ6e6RyZRFlhAT7tTXPNnu2pUDB5ytj5owR8D9cBCCswTOUBZ693DktMcXfT
    meAwbYV2CpiuaqMExYSs/imdDYaK/GHIBruukwihtYddgDzUz9AOn5EJfpbQlYof
    ghYtlqqA+8Bz4f+wsOUQI/Qx3JTQP5C/khmMZI/vLB54OE0S/kFmamflp0IES6yq
    nFpJKuXxjIBNI/ak3iNraoO8A3DVWPzPsg7B0EmfsSDJPksRJaxpddxZ9chp4ueB
    1pSvV2xZOQ7QIEj/ZGa3PogYBwVRukisbB9B+OGlwFNlAHXqQxdrSd2fO6zFjKMM
    uaTPAoIBAFdahwkor9Q5ccwJ2eFVJP+uhPbqDyTaTrFBZ/tWeLO+epHPfRwiun1u
    fdLhHmGzU8jU5xtEqFPjmWD4AXHQds8mD5/L1iQqaJwCxA0L+IgqNrMtdSvLAaGo
    JW42wpvA3mKsfplttvgroyyhEVkw+zDvF8UK49kt3gtza7cTFLKcOJ/OLWBviNQi
    neuVRNKpdXfHlZNJ7vjT6E6FsZUY2Ke0REgAwURo8lJ8pNdL/1uQDS81t9aoYNAI
    LnwbQbPuOJTkKowXiXGkD5Sun7D3A8nU0EXL6yuCYwYv39Jr1bhpYGI06J8tlqWr
    BHr/eQnay2TU/Ts1EdfxuUGmZN9AbbkCggEBANEMkY2p8m2pTf87CSQ8jMPUOQJt
    5iuenzesYLvXqVLLB4SUvXN+zDplDJPELtf2SQIHrplrPNH/H01jnWHd0ecSjVY8
    HBbIs52U1d5ek3/mWji4GeRp+Iw84CUh4q2p40bmob1RJ8e9sh2ixhHjX2yJ591m
    oGbLIz75a60a05mUDK0FWt9cWHn4MKgIPKbWwFhYwmYDCjO/tK2DtcySny9soh5Q
    KVQriuvna2lE4YY+OUc7btmtkmp9v+LHKOI8dPabsOBU8Z8UbOGeHSNrZTQwpx3E
    p0riDg0UEzFmoYrfbvf+2VzEZDX/TJYjK9VkA8w5+xat8iS0/euKuvSRMb8=
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

### 2.2. DLP Keys

The following publicly known test keys may be used for DLP-based algorithms such as DSA, DH, and Elgamal.¶

DLP-1024 key "testDLP1024":¶

            /* p */
            1018,
            { 0x03, 0x0C, 0xDF, 0xC3, 0x8F, 0xC3, 0xE4, 0x21,
              0x27, 0x90, 0xB0, 0xA4, 0x1E, 0x45, 0xB4, 0xE4,
              0xE8, 0x80, 0xDE, 0x8A, 0xBF, 0xD3, 0xAE, 0xCA,
              0x0B, 0x23, 0x8F, 0xB6, 0xCD, 0x73, 0x0C, 0xC3,
              0x18, 0x76, 0x93, 0x36, 0xD5, 0xB1, 0x80, 0xB2,
              0x80, 0x2A, 0x01, 0xBE, 0x4B, 0xC1, 0xAB, 0x84,
              0xFC, 0xE2, 0xFF, 0x48, 0x9B, 0x50, 0xC2, 0xD2,
              0x9D, 0xE9, 0x1E, 0xC0, 0xE6, 0x5B, 0x60, 0x64,
              0xFD, 0x0D, 0xE5, 0x37, 0xEA, 0xBA, 0x1C, 0x6C,
              0xDD, 0x27, 0xDC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x48, 0x1E, 0x8B,
              0xB9, 0x60, 0xAA, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0xEF, 0x93, 0x35,
              0x30, 0xE6, 0xB1, 0xCC, 0x51, 0x60, 0xBB, 0xFA,
              0xAF, 0x85, 0x0F, 0xF6, 0x57, 0x81, 0x12, 0x33,
              0x7D, 0x53, 0x03, 0x4E, 0x41, 0x63, 0xDC, 0x65,
              0x03, 0xBD, 0xF8, 0x89, 0x25, 0x81, 0x14, 0x1F,
              0xAB, 0x82, 0x55, 0xB6, 0xD9, 0x72, 0x7B, 0xB3 },
            /* q */
            160,
            { 0xEC, 0x41, 0xB9, 0xC0, 0x62, 0x1D, 0x5B, 0xDC,
              0xAF, 0x11, 0xD5, 0x19, 0x8F, 0x72, 0x08, 0x88,
              0x2E, 0x65, 0xBB, 0xDF },
            /* g */
            1017,
            { 0x01, 0x64, 0x87, 0xAC, 0xCF, 0xCD, 0x95, 0x50,
              0x51, 0xE0, 0x6E, 0x1C, 0x5B, 0xEF, 0x45, 0x2C,
              0x12, 0x63, 0xC7, 0x5D, 0x2B, 0x36, 0x50, 0x4F,
              0xB4, 0x27, 0x57, 0x35, 0xC2, 0x83, 0x32, 0x0B,
              0x63, 0xAC, 0x91, 0xC6, 0xF4, 0x02, 0x09, 0x32,
              0x53, 0x1C, 0xAB, 0x04, 0xB1, 0xCD, 0x72, 0xFD,
              0xF2, 0x9D, 0xE2, 0x4E, 0x27, 0x17, 0x97, 0xA7,
              0xDD, 0x21, 0x97, 0x67, 0x69, 0x31, 0xF9, 0x33,
              0x1D, 0x1F, 0x59, 0xEE, 0xE5, 0xBA, 0x2C, 0x7D,
              0x54, 0xAE, 0x13, 0x5C, 0x7F, 0x79, 0x41, 0x37,
              0xD8, 0xD8, 0x0E, 0xB6, 0x29, 0x28, 0x8E, 0x26,
              0x8A, 0x3B, 0xEB, 0xD2, 0x1F, 0x16, 0xA4, 0x03,
              0xF1, 0xD5, 0xDA, 0xD8, 0x3C, 0x1C, 0x47, 0x80,
              0x17, 0xA3, 0xCD, 0x26, 0x6F, 0x1B, 0xA4, 0x9B,
              0x89, 0x0D, 0xC0, 0x89, 0x21, 0x2E, 0x72, 0x26,
              0x1D, 0xA3, 0x67, 0xAF, 0x80, 0x3B, 0x02, 0x50 },
            /* x */
            157,
            { 0x11, 0xED, 0x99, 0x78, 0x5A, 0x81, 0x3A, 0x1B,
              0x0E, 0x96, 0xEC, 0xD3, 0x8D, 0x7F, 0x9B, 0xCE,
              0x9E, 0xBF, 0xD6, 0xFA },
            /* y */
            1018,
            { 0x02, 0x20, 0xB9, 0x42, 0xC2, 0x5C, 0x44, 0xDA,
              0x52, 0xB0, 0xD1, 0x76, 0x82, 0xEA, 0xC4, 0x36,
              0xEA, 0x7E, 0x81, 0xEC, 0x9F, 0x76, 0xE1, 0x05,
              0x75, 0x32, 0xAA, 0x67, 0xEA, 0xDD, 0x04, 0xAD,
              0xB8, 0xFD, 0x61, 0x81, 0xBA, 0x0B, 0x25, 0xF2,
              0x84, 0xDA, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0x05, 0xF3, 0xC8, 0x40,
              0x34, 0xD4, 0x17, 0xD3, 0x7B, 0x6E, 0x0A, 0x63,
              0x31, 0x8A, 0x0A, 0x79, 0x1F, 0x1D, 0x0D, 0xD4,
              0xF6, 0x8A, 0xFA, 0xE3, 0x35, 0xAA, 0x5D, 0xBE,
              0xA3, 0xF2, 0xF6, 0xD6, 0xDD, 0x73, 0x09, 0x26,
              0x24, 0x7F, 0xDC, 0x4D, 0x1B, 0x82, 0xDF, 0x8C,
              0x2D, 0x87, 0xAE, 0x8D, 0x36, 0xAD, 0xB9, 0xDD,
              0x25, 0x13, 0x57, 0x8E, 0x8B, 0x99, 0xAA, 0x6A,
              0x0E, 0xDF, 0x67, 0x5F, 0xFC, 0x2F, 0xDE, 0xB6,
              0x4B, 0x26, 0xE5, 0xBE, 0xD8, 0x53, 0x2D, 0xFD,
              0x98, 0x11, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xC9, 0xED, 0xF9, 0x38 }

¶

DLP-1024 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIBuQIBAAKBgAMM38OPw+QhJ5CwpB5FtOTogN6Kv9Ouygsjj7bNcwzDGHaTNtWx
    gLKAKgG+S8GrhPzi/0ibUMLSnekewOZbYGT9DeU36rocbN0n3DAwSB6LuWCqi4rv
    kzUw5rHMUWC7+q+FD/ZXgRIzfVMDTkFj3GUDvfiJJYEUH6uCVbbZcnuzAhUA7EG5
    wGIdW9yvEdUZj3IIiC5lu98CgYABZIesz82VUFHgbhxb70UsEmPHXSs2UE+0J1c1
    woMyC2Oskcb0AgkyUxyrBLHNcv3yneJOJxeXp90hl2dpMfkzHR9Z7uW6LH1UrhNc
    f3lBN9jYDrYpKI4mijvr0h8WpAPx1drYPBxHgBejzSZvG6SbiQ3AiSEuciYdo2ev
    gDsCUAKBgAIguULCXETaUrDRdoLqxDbqfoHsn3bhBXUyqmfq3QStuP1hgboLJfKE
    2qqqBfPIQDTUF9N7bgpjMYoKeR8dDdT2ivrjNapdvqPy9tbdcwkmJH/cTRuC34wt
    h66NNq253SUTV46LmapqDt9nX/wv3rZLJuW+2FMt/ZgRD8/J7fk4AhQR7Zl4WoE6
    Gw6W7NONf5vOnr/W+g==
    -----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

DLP-2048 key "testDLP2048":¶

            /* p */
            2042,
            { 0x03, 0x2D, 0xD5, 0x53, 0x7D, 0x33, 0x7A, 0x91,
              0x34, 0x37, 0xD3, 0x5E, 0xA3, 0x43, 0x3D, 0xB0,
              0xE7, 0xB7, 0x21, 0x29, 0x8F, 0xBA, 0x87, 0x27,
              0xF2, 0xF9, 0xBE, 0x85, 0x6D, 0x6A, 0x14, 0x6B,
              0x92, 0x98, 0x8D, 0x50, 0x82, 0xF2, 0xC5, 0x72,
              0xB7, 0x70, 0x37, 0x63, 0xE8, 0x24, 0x54, 0xA7,
              0xA4, 0xA2, 0x25, 0x9B, 0x29, 0xAC, 0xE9, 0xB0,
              0xBC, 0x9B, 0x4B, 0x4D, 0x98, 0x5D, 0x6A, 0x9C,
              0x8C, 0xB6, 0x30, 0xE4, 0xE0, 0x9F, 0x48, 0x07,
              0x9F, 0x1B, 0xE8, 0x07, 0x69, 0x71, 0xDE, 0x92,
              0x68, 0x56, 0x70, 0xB9, 0x4C, 0xC9, 0x68, 0x7D,
              0xDC, 0x23, 0x3B, 0x30, 0xAF, 0x22, 0x94, 0xB0,
              0x30, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0x97, 0xF6, 0x46, 0xF9, 0x4E,
              0x1C, 0x17, 0xE8, 0x3A, 0x90, 0x4C, 0x2C, 0x1B,
              0x68, 0x44, 0x10, 0xCE, 0x04, 0x8F, 0xD9, 0xCD,
              0x64, 0x05, 0xA1, 0x4A, 0xA6, 0x8C, 0x2B, 0x8F,
              0x7F, 0x8B, 0xD0, 0x6E, 0x9F, 0x64, 0xC4, 0xBB,
              0x69, 0xCC, 0xBF, 0xBC, 0x80, 0x56, 0xAE, 0x41,
              0x4A, 0x8B, 0x2E, 0x35, 0xD6, 0x20, 0x5C, 0xDE,
              0xFB, 0x2A, 0x24, 0xA3, 0x79, 0xB8, 0xA1, 0x16,
              0x17, 0x50, 0x95, 0xFF, 0x57, 0xFF, 0x61, 0x55,
              0x12, 0x86, 0x86, 0xD9, 0x9B, 0x8E, 0x1F, 0x24,
              0x44, 0x63, 0x12, 0x71, 0xF0, 0x9C, 0x33, 0x4F,
              0x37, 0x22, 0x45, 0x2F, 0xE9, 0x26, 0x3F, 0xC3,
              0x34, 0x9E, 0x6F, 0x33, 0x07, 0xA6, 0x75, 0x4F,
              0xFD, 0x89, 0xD4, 0x43, 0x27, 0x38, 0x7D, 0xFD,
              0x40, 0x18, 0xA0, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0x6E, 0xF4, 0xC6,
              0x36, 0xA7, 0x69, 0xE7, 0xCE, 0xB7, 0x37, 0x19,
              0x19, 0x72, 0x49, 0xA8, 0x41, 0xA3, 0x0B, 0xE0,
              0xC4, 0xBE, 0x8E, 0xCB, 0x10, 0x7F, 0x38, 0x02,
              0xDC, 0x45, 0x83, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x12, 0x94, 0xD5,
              0x2B, 0x62, 0x13, 0x67, 0xBD, 0x0C, 0x19, 0x53 },
            /* q */
            225,
            { 0x01, 0x95, 0x09, 0xB2, 0xED, 0xA8, 0x3B, 0x08,
              0x82, 0x73, 0x1B, 0x3F, 0xE8, 0x9C, 0x2E, 0xF6,
              0x9D, 0xB8, 0xD8, 0x36, 0x12, 0x34, 0x5D, 0x1A,
              0x66, 0xA5, 0x83, 0xB9, 0x11 },
            /* g */
            2040,
            { 0xAC, 0x5D, 0x12, 0x0E, 0x46, 0xD2, 0xBA, 0xD6,
              0x87, 0x88, 0x47, 0xCC, 0xE8, 0x70, 0xA6, 0x9E,
              0xDC, 0xAD, 0xC8, 0x6C, 0x85, 0x9C, 0x49, 0xBA,
              0xF7, 0xAD, 0xE4, 0x1E, 0xD9, 0x36, 0x8E, 0xC2,
              0x3B, 0x64, 0x54, 0xFB, 0x60, 0xEA, 0xDA, 0xAC,
              0xC6, 0x64, 0x2A, 0x6F, 0xDD, 0x32, 0x2B, 0x99,
              0xAB, 0x14, 0x75, 0x81, 0xB2, 0x1B, 0xEB, 0xE0,
              0x62, 0x94, 0xE3, 0x82, 0x0B, 0xC5, 0x56, 0xFA,
              0x54, 0x11, 0xB3, 0x1C, 0x37, 0x3B, 0x39, 0xA6,
              0x7D, 0x51, 0x8A, 0x54, 0x77, 0x13, 0x41, 0x5C,
              0x67, 0xAC, 0xEF, 0x18, 0xBC, 0x6B, 0xA9, 0x4C,
              0x95, 0x60, 0x0C, 0xB5, 0xBD, 0xA8, 0x3C, 0x84,
              0xAD, 0x58, 0xE5, 0x49, 0x1D, 0x26, 0x26, 0x1E,
              0xD4, 0xE5, 0x35, 0xAD, 0xB2, 0x2E, 0x35, 0xB0,
              0x6C, 0xC2, 0xB4, 0xC8, 0x9D, 0xA2, 0xDC, 0x63,
              0xE2, 0x9E, 0xDA, 0x06, 0xF0, 0x13, 0x80, 0x72,
              0x46, 0x55, 0x89, 0x32, 0xE9, 0xF2, 0xDC, 0x8B,
              0x93, 0x2E, 0x6B, 0x84, 0xB4, 0x07, 0xF5, 0x71,
              0x50, 0x9D, 0x06, 0xF7, 0x94, 0x30, 0xE9, 0x5D,
              0x46, 0xB2, 0xD0, 0x26, 0x14, 0x28, 0x84, 0x17,
              0x99, 0x98, 0x86, 0xA6, 0x71, 0x45, 0xED, 0x74,
              0x6A, 0x0C, 0xA8, 0xC0, 0x44, 0x41, 0x03, 0xF5,
              0x03, 0xE6, 0xBB, 0xE7, 0x45, 0x61, 0xC3, 0xAC,
              0xD1, 0x9A, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x82, 0x67, 0xA1, 0xBC,
              0x3C, 0x49, 0x30, 0x83, 0xBB, 0x16, 0xC5, 0x97,
              0xA8, 0xAC, 0x99, 0x81, 0xFB, 0x70, 0x45, 0x87,
              0x17, 0xFB, 0x64, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x61, 0xD4, 0x70,
              0xB4, 0xB3, 0x5E, 0x3E, 0x98, 0x64, 0xFA, 0x1A,
              0x59, 0x9B, 0xC0, 0x1E, 0x6F, 0xE9, 0x93, 0x0A,
              0x51, 0xF5, 0x79, 0xB0, 0x84, 0x01, 0x74, 0x25,
              0xB8, 0xD0, 0xA1, 0x02, 0x3F, 0xAE, 0xDD, 0xDC,
              0x57, 0xD1, 0xCE, 0x56, 0x25, 0x1C, 0xDA },
            /* x */
            223,
            { 0x64, 0x05, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xB4, 0xF7, 0x68, 0x29,
              0x02, 0x23, 0xCE, 0x5D, 0xB5, 0x2A, 0x8A, 0x30,
              0xC2, 0x8A, 0xDC, 0x78, 0x02, 0xD9, 0x68, 0x1E,
              0xDC, 0xB4, 0x34, 0xE5 },
            /* y */
            2042,
            { 0x02, 0x30, 0x37, 0xB2, 0xD9, 0xC9, 0x9E, 0x75,
              0x3F, 0xD2, 0x79, 0xBF, 0xFC, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0x92,
              0x9C, 0x9B, 0xA1, 0xDE, 0xAA, 0x97, 0x0B, 0x03,
              0x72, 0xAF, 0x73, 0x35, 0xE5, 0x50, 0x21, 0x37,
              0x42, 0x99, 0xF3, 0x61, 0x02, 0x7C, 0x8D, 0x65,
              0xD5, 0x7A, 0xFB, 0x4D, 0x3C, 0xCD, 0x2B, 0x47,
              0x24, 0xB5, 0x3F, 0x09, 0xEB, 0xE2, 0x8C, 0xBF,
              0x49, 0x9F, 0x6B, 0x4F, 0x86, 0x33, 0x49, 0x19,
              0x8B, 0x24, 0xB2, 0xAB, 0x0D, 0x4C, 0xEC, 0xB6,
              0xC4, 0xFD, 0x7E, 0x67, 0x2D, 0x4B, 0x2A, 0xCA,
              0x9D, 0x39, 0xE3, 0xAE, 0x20, 0xF8, 0xEC, 0xD7,
              0xFD, 0x77, 0x10, 0x7C, 0xE5, 0x4A, 0x66, 0xDD,
              0xEE, 0x97, 0x44, 0xE4, 0x8C, 0xF8, 0xDD, 0x6B,
              0xA9, 0xA5, 0x28, 0xC7, 0x51, 0xF0, 0x08, 0xC6,
              0x6F, 0x19, 0x2A, 0x20, 0x4E, 0xC7, 0xF9, 0x38,
              0x76, 0x91, 0x01, 0x79, 0xB1, 0x31, 0x1D, 0x97,
              0x5B, 0x49, 0x25, 0xC5, 0x69, 0x90, 0x29, 0xFB,
              0xD1, 0x14, 0xA5, 0xE7, 0x90, 0x19, 0x0A, 0x4D,
              0x38, 0x9B, 0x94, 0x8F, 0x8F, 0x57, 0x6A, 0x8E,
              0x45, 0xA5, 0x6B, 0xE0, 0xD4, 0xFD, 0x6C, 0xEA,
              0x63, 0x1C, 0x5F, 0x53, 0x7E, 0xF9, 0x18, 0x59,
              0x8E, 0x30, 0x52, 0x2F, 0x93, 0x64, 0x50, 0x66,
              0x18, 0xC0, 0x45, 0x84, 0xCA, 0x6F, 0xD0, 0x75,
              0x12, 0x12, 0x21, 0xA4, 0x60, 0xF9, 0x80, 0xC5,
              0x4F, 0x80, 0x1D, 0x7D, 0x6D, 0x21, 0x9D, 0xF2,
              0xA1, 0xDB, 0xEA, 0x3C, 0x8A, 0x03, 0xA0, 0x9F,
              0x6B, 0xE9, 0x1B, 0xB6, 0x29, 0x6D, 0x79, 0x1A,
              0x2A, 0x83, 0x80, 0xE8, 0x9D, 0x0C, 0xDD, 0x26,
              0xF7, 0x66, 0x3E, 0x06, 0x9A, 0x83, 0x31, 0x49,
              0xAD, 0x44, 0x2B, 0x2C, 0x13, 0x98, 0x87, 0x71,
              0xF6, 0x54, 0xB8, 0x1F, 0x50, 0xE0, 0xD7, 0x26,
              0x42, 0x47, 0xD6, 0x78, 0xEA, 0xEB, 0xB0, 0xF9 }

¶

DLP-2048 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIDTAIBAAKCAQADLdVTfTN6kTQ3016jQz2w57chKY+6hyfy+b6FbWoUa5KYjVCC
    8sVyt3A3Y+gkVKekoiWbKazpsLybS02YXWqcjLYw5OCfSAefG+gHaXHekmhWcLlM
    yWh93CM7MK8ilLAwprSX9kb5ThwX6DqQTCwbaEQQzgSP2c1kBaFKpowrj3+L0G6f
    ZMS7acy/vIBWrkFKiy411iBc3vsqJKN5uKEWF1CV/1f/YVUShobZm44fJERjEnHw
    nDNPNyJFL+kmP8M0nm8zB6Z1T/2J1EMnOH39QBigKupu9MY2p2nnzrc3GRlySahB
    owvgxL6OyxB/OALcRYP44BKU1StiE2e9DBlTAh0BlQmy7ag7CIJzGz/onC72nbjY
    NhI0XRpmpYO5EQKCAQAArF0SDkbSutaHiEfM6HCmntytyGyFnEm6963kHtk2jsI7
    ZFT7YOrarMZkKm/dMiuZqxR1gbIb6+BilOOCC8VW+lQRsxw3OzmmfVGKVHcTQVxn
    rO8YvGupTJVgDLW9qDyErVjlSR0mJh7U5TWtsi41sGzCtMidotxj4p7aBvATgHJG
    VYky6fLci5Mua4S0B/VxUJ0G95Qw6V1GstAmFCiEF5mYhqZxRe10agyowERBA/UD
    5rvnRWHDrNGa5XqCZ6G8PEkwg7sWxZeorJmB+3BFhxf7ZJykYdRwtLNePphk+hpZ
    m8Aeb+mTClH1ebCEAXQluNChAj+u3dxX0c5WJRzaAoIBAAIwN7LZyZ51P9J5v/ze
    6ZKcm6HeqpcLA3KvczXlUCE3QpnzYQJ8jWXVevtNPM0rRyS1Pwnr4oy/SZ9rT4Yz
    SRmLJLKrDUzstsT9fmctSyrKnTnjriD47Nf9dxB85Upm3e6XROSM+N1rqaUox1Hw
    CMZvGSogTsf5OHaRAXmxMR2XW0klxWmQKfvRFKXnkBkKTTiblI+PV2qORaVr4NT9
    bOpjHF9TfvkYWY4wUi+TZFBmGMBFhMpv0HUSEiGkYPmAxU+AHX1tIZ3yodvqPIoD
    oJ9r6Ru2KW15GiqDgOidDN0m92Y+BpqDMUmtRCssE5iHcfZUuB9Q4NcmQkfWeOrr
    sPkCHGQFvN6092gpAiPOXbUqijDCitx4AtloHty0NOU=
    -----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

DLP-4096 key "testDLP4096":¶

            /* p */
            4086,
            { 0x31, 0xD2, 0x55, 0x5F, 0xB2, 0xE8, 0x89, 0xF3,
              0x20, 0x83, 0x78, 0x79, 0x5A, 0xF4, 0x88, 0x5B,
              0x62, 0xD0, 0x13, 0x58, 0xBD, 0xF1, 0x17, 0xC0,
              0xB8, 0xAD, 0x4D, 0x22, 0xBE, 0x62, 0xCC, 0x93,
              0x34, 0x5B, 0x6E, 0xA8, 0xFC, 0x54, 0x0B, 0x56,
              0x8F, 0x50, 0x95, 0xBB, 0xA0, 0x90, 0x3E, 0xC5,
              0xEE, 0xD8, 0xC6, 0xAE, 0x52, 0x5D, 0x9A, 0xA7,
              0xE4, 0x99, 0x79, 0xF0, 0x8E, 0x6C, 0x4E, 0xDB,
              0xF5, 0x6A, 0x93, 0x29, 0x09, 0xA0, 0x6B, 0x6D,
              0x1E, 0x07, 0x57, 0x95, 0x3F, 0x90, 0x5B, 0x55,
              0x52, 0x99, 0x31, 0x5F, 0x42, 0x48, 0xF5, 0x4B,
              0x81, 0xEF, 0x5F, 0x05, 0x4D, 0x8D, 0x82, 0x4E,
              0x12, 0xAE, 0xAB, 0x82, 0x4B, 0x2C, 0x2F, 0x4C,
              0x5E, 0xDE, 0x04, 0x60, 0x30, 0xDC, 0x3B, 0x16,
              0xC2, 0x80, 0x59, 0x56, 0x85, 0xCA, 0x38, 0xC6,
              0xE7, 0x13, 0xD8, 0x2E, 0x4D, 0x1B, 0xFC, 0xD3,
              0x3D, 0x87, 0xDE, 0x26, 0x95, 0x4B, 0xA0, 0x05,
              0xBC, 0x42, 0x17, 0x77, 0x39, 0xB2, 0x0F, 0x1E,
              0x46, 0x13, 0x80, 0x79, 0xED, 0xE5, 0x91, 0x64,
              0xCE, 0x67, 0x23, 0xE3, 0x51, 0xE4, 0xB2, 0xFC,
              0xD5, 0x0D, 0x6E, 0xAB, 0xB4, 0x5D, 0xA8, 0x8F,
              0xA4, 0xCD, 0x56, 0x24, 0x8A, 0xEA, 0x44, 0xAA,
              0x2E, 0x41, 0xB8, 0xFF, 0x28, 0xBD, 0x37, 0x88,
              0x00, 0x8C, 0x2E, 0xEF, 0x4B, 0xE1, 0x90, 0xA0,
              0xAB, 0x5D, 0x7D, 0x80, 0x3C, 0x9A, 0xBE, 0xD7,
              0xC7, 0xB7, 0x74, 0xB5, 0x0F, 0xA8, 0x38, 0x0D,
              0xD7, 0xFE, 0x2B, 0x3D, 0x84, 0x85, 0xA3, 0xD8,
              0x80, 0xEF, 0x51, 0xD5, 0x6B, 0x41, 0x1F, 0x73,
              0xE6, 0x59, 0xE7, 0x9E, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0x32, 0x14,
              0x53, 0x57, 0x3E, 0xC5, 0x0D, 0x9D, 0xD4, 0xD0,
              0xAE, 0xCA, 0x30, 0x9D, 0x39, 0xE4, 0x38, 0x86,
              0x27, 0x95, 0x03, 0xEF, 0x94, 0x98, 0x51, 0xE3,
              0xD4, 0xDC, 0x71, 0xAB, 0xF3, 0xA7, 0x88, 0x63,
              0xB9, 0x75, 0xC1, 0x06, 0x24, 0xCB, 0x51, 0x73,
              0x4C, 0xDB, 0x58, 0x2A, 0x3A, 0x48, 0xC6, 0xD7,
              0x08, 0x47, 0x83, 0x6E, 0x80, 0x8B, 0x0E, 0x22,
              0x48, 0xB8, 0xFA, 0x8A, 0x8C, 0x55, 0xA3, 0x57,
              0xE8, 0x30, 0x54, 0xD6, 0x48, 0xB2, 0xCC, 0xA5,
              0xB8, 0xA3, 0xB1, 0x68, 0x91, 0xAD, 0x52, 0x35,
              0x6E, 0x92, 0x87, 0x1A, 0xF5, 0x99, 0xA5, 0x6E,
              0x90, 0xC9, 0x34, 0x33, 0xA5, 0x4A, 0x52, 0xFD,
              0x42, 0xE2, 0xBE, 0x65, 0x15, 0xC8, 0xCE, 0xC3,
              0x73, 0x94, 0x07, 0x0C, 0x26, 0xCA, 0xC5, 0xCA,
              0x8C, 0x26, 0x1D, 0x2D, 0x50, 0x21, 0x88, 0x6B,
              0xB9, 0x4C, 0x4E, 0x99, 0xFA, 0x78, 0xD2, 0x53,
              0x7C, 0xCA, 0xF5, 0xA1, 0x92, 0xC9, 0xC2, 0xAF,
              0x77, 0xA0, 0x78, 0x33, 0x45, 0x1F, 0x12, 0x2D,
              0xA9, 0xE6, 0xFD, 0x7B, 0x83, 0x92, 0x12, 0x9E,
              0xE4, 0x9A, 0x56, 0x07, 0x5F, 0x1A, 0x37, 0x05,
              0x00, 0x4C, 0x06, 0xBD, 0x36, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0xCB,
              0x9A, 0x07, 0x4A, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x65, 0x25, 0x27,
              0x2D, 0xF9, 0xD3, 0x33, 0xCB, 0x91, 0x9B, 0x5B,
              0x61, 0x14, 0x07, 0xF7, 0xF7, 0xA4, 0xD9, 0xE1,
              0x1E, 0xD2, 0x85, 0xA4, 0x75, 0x95, 0xEA, 0x74,
              0x0C, 0xBF, 0xA1, 0x6B, 0xD2, 0xFB, 0xB8, 0x0A,
              0xD2, 0xA5, 0xE6, 0x36, 0x04, 0x47, 0x80, 0x8B,
              0x1E, 0xC5, 0x07, 0x58, 0xB8, 0x56, 0xF6, 0xDC,
              0xA4, 0x25, 0xD9, 0x36, 0xB4, 0x9E, 0xEA, 0x5B,
              0x7E, 0xAA, 0x40, 0x79, 0xA3, 0x15, 0x3D, 0xED,
              0x32, 0x12, 0x76, 0x4D, 0x00, 0x06, 0xF0, 0x09,
              0x36, 0x28, 0x4B, 0x96, 0xD6, 0x8B, 0xC9, 0x74,
              0xFD, 0xAF, 0x77, 0xB6, 0x45, 0x78, 0x36, 0x38,
              0xC5, 0x1E, 0xB1, 0x18, 0x8A, 0x91, 0x72, 0xA0,
              0x37, 0xDE, 0x49, 0xDA, 0x48, 0x1A, 0x9B },
            /* q */
            305,
            { 0x01, 0xFF, 0x30, 0x36, 0x06, 0x89, 0x3F, 0x53,
              0xBE, 0x41, 0x12, 0xF9, 0x60, 0x18, 0xF9, 0x9C,
              0xCF, 0xB9, 0x67, 0x82, 0x7E, 0x49, 0x40, 0x36,
              0x98, 0x2F, 0xAF, 0x24, 0x06, 0xD2, 0x5D, 0x8B,
              0xCC, 0x52, 0x48, 0xDB, 0x2B, 0xCB, 0x13 },
            /* g */
            4085,
            { 0x19, 0x89, 0x03, 0x1B, 0x12, 0xB8, 0x83, 0x5D,
              0x66, 0x5C, 0x9F, 0x42, 0x31, 0x05, 0x24, 0xA0,
              0x64, 0x9E, 0xEC, 0x4C, 0x2C, 0x4A, 0xBA, 0xAC,
              0xAD, 0x5D, 0x54, 0x8C, 0xE0, 0xFA, 0xF5, 0x3E,
              0xCA, 0x38, 0x67, 0xAA, 0xE6, 0x18, 0x7D, 0x5F,
              0x63, 0xC0, 0xF6, 0x6B, 0x56, 0xE8, 0x00, 0xAD,
              0x5D, 0x09, 0x58, 0x8C, 0xA4, 0x25, 0xBC, 0xE6,
              0xBD, 0x33, 0x97, 0x6B, 0xBA, 0xC9, 0x68, 0x63,
              0xD1, 0xC2, 0x6E, 0x4F, 0x48, 0x27, 0x67, 0x05,
              0x63, 0xFB, 0x9C, 0xA5, 0x16, 0x5C, 0x3C, 0x9F,
              0x14, 0x1D, 0x2E, 0x7D, 0x77, 0xA6, 0x11, 0x95,
              0x55, 0x4D, 0x9C, 0xE6, 0xA3, 0x25, 0xB9, 0x34,
              0x2A, 0x5F, 0x0A, 0xDE, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xED, 0x69,
              0xF3, 0x2C, 0x78, 0x67, 0x8C, 0x5F, 0x30, 0x2C,
              0xAF, 0x97, 0x62, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0xD6, 0x22, 0xD2,
              0xBF, 0xA5, 0xFF, 0x72, 0x4B, 0x59, 0x49, 0x21,
              0x1C, 0x66, 0x2E, 0xD3, 0xD8, 0x14, 0x1E, 0xAF,
              0xAB, 0xB6, 0x28, 0x65, 0xC2, 0xF2, 0xA6, 0x44,
              0xA5, 0xDC, 0x34, 0x0F, 0x24, 0x0F, 0x73, 0x61,
              0x53, 0x3C, 0x65, 0x64, 0xCD, 0x9E, 0x33, 0xB6,
              0x58, 0xC1, 0x39, 0x71, 0xEC, 0xDA, 0x66, 0x2E,
              0x1C, 0x79, 0xB5, 0x88, 0x7E, 0xA2, 0x46, 0x1E,
              0x35, 0xA6, 0xBA, 0x2B, 0xD0, 0x20, 0x80, 0xF8,
              0xE5, 0xC6, 0xC8, 0xBE, 0x7B, 0xFB, 0xB9, 0x6C,
              0xF4, 0x1F, 0x07, 0xD5, 0xBD, 0xC9, 0x65, 0x00,
              0xB5, 0x6C, 0x53, 0x4B, 0x70, 0x36, 0x99, 0x56,
              0x8F, 0x70, 0x0B, 0x9A, 0xD5, 0xEF, 0xFC, 0x1E,
              0xE8, 0xBE, 0x2F, 0x70, 0x39, 0x50, 0xAC, 0xD3,
              0xB8, 0x8C, 0x24, 0x3F, 0x82, 0xA2, 0xE9, 0xF5,
              0x01, 0xE3, 0x87, 0x84, 0x4E, 0x77, 0xAA, 0x90,
              0x2D, 0xC0, 0xD7, 0xD9, 0x6E, 0xBE, 0x4E, 0x4B,
              0xC8, 0xB3, 0xAB, 0x09, 0x64, 0xAC, 0x28, 0xB1,
              0x54, 0xCD, 0x15, 0x35, 0xA4, 0x06, 0x55, 0x40,
              0x83, 0x39, 0x8E, 0x0B, 0xE6, 0xAC, 0x9B, 0x26,
              0xFF, 0x9A, 0xF4, 0xC2, 0xCD, 0xA9, 0x55, 0x17,
              0x51, 0x15, 0x2F, 0xBD, 0x4C, 0xC2, 0xD7, 0xF1,
              0x9A, 0x9E, 0x7F, 0x41, 0xA5, 0x6E, 0xBB, 0xEF,
              0x3C, 0xD5, 0x1D, 0xF6, 0xB1, 0x08, 0x48, 0x06,
              0x15, 0xA8, 0xF3, 0xED, 0x99, 0x9F, 0xEC, 0x7F,
              0x0F, 0x3C, 0x53, 0x87, 0x55, 0x27, 0x70, 0x74,
              0xB3, 0xA8, 0x0D, 0x4B, 0x6A, 0x84, 0x71, 0x26,
              0xE1, 0xB9, 0xDF, 0xE2, 0x38, 0x96, 0xF5, 0xB1,
              0x97, 0x53, 0x83, 0x9B, 0x18, 0xA7, 0xE6, 0x69,
              0x3E, 0x9F, 0xB1, 0x3D, 0x11, 0x58, 0xA3, 0xAB,
              0xAF, 0x4E, 0x04, 0x62, 0x7D, 0xEB, 0x96, 0x12,
              0xD9, 0x59, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x26, 0x1A, 0xE5, 0x93,
              0x67, 0xFF, 0xCA, 0xDE, 0xC3, 0xB5, 0xAF, 0xFF,
              0xCB, 0xDF, 0xED, 0x45, 0x0B, 0x53, 0x8B, 0xC8,
              0xD8, 0x8D, 0x29, 0x8E, 0xDD, 0x27, 0xB3, 0x36,
              0xE8, 0xF5, 0xEE, 0x6D, 0x46, 0x1F, 0x57, 0x40,
              0x3B, 0xB4, 0x6D, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xB6, 0xD9, 0x00,
              0xC7, 0x48, 0x72, 0x8D, 0xE7, 0x8F, 0x68, 0x8F,
              0xCD, 0x9A, 0x90, 0x29, 0x4E, 0xEA, 0x95, 0xE7,
              0xCE, 0x48, 0x2A, 0x39, 0xB0, 0x62, 0xE8, 0x04,
              0xFC, 0xCB, 0x6E, 0xF7, 0xD1, 0x35, 0x94, 0xB9,
              0x35, 0x0E, 0xC2, 0x0F, 0xB5, 0x02, 0xA8, 0x4C,
              0x4E, 0x30, 0x96, 0xC5, 0x90, 0xAA, 0x29, 0x63,
              0x78, 0x79, 0x0D, 0x81, 0x9E, 0xC2, 0xC5, 0x0D,
              0xD5, 0xF5, 0x46, 0xF5, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xD9, 0x69,
              0xEC, 0x33, 0xDA, 0x45, 0x52, 0x14, 0xD7, 0xA0,
              0x5C, 0xAA, 0xF8, 0x87, 0xB5, 0xE8, 0x9B, 0x09,
              0xE6, 0xB2, 0xCF, 0x0D, 0x56, 0x43, 0xC3, 0x85,
              0x48, 0x01, 0x8A, 0x87, 0x7B, 0x5A, 0x17, 0x72,
              0x40, 0x2B, 0x4B, 0x29, 0xF3, 0x5C, 0x8B },
            /* x */
            305,
            { 0x01, 0xA7, 0x77, 0x11, 0xB8, 0x9D, 0x45, 0x53,
              0x27, 0x29, 0x01, 0xBA, 0x09, 0x5A, 0x7F, 0xFC,
              0x14, 0x9C, 0x8C, 0x05, 0xB0, 0x2F, 0xDD, 0x04,
              0x0D, 0xC9, 0x98, 0x97, 0x11, 0x5B, 0xCE, 0xC3,
              0xE6, 0x14, 0xF2, 0x55, 0x7F, 0x9C, 0x0C },
            /* y */
            4086,
            { 0x2A, 0x49, 0x11, 0x73, 0x18, 0x65, 0x11, 0x4B,
              0x8A, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x8E, 0x40, 0x7D, 0x55, 0xC3,
              0x9A, 0xB7, 0x10, 0xBB, 0x45, 0xCA, 0xBA, 0x94,
              0xE6, 0xB1, 0x85, 0x87, 0xD2, 0x8F, 0x9C, 0x6C,
              0x69, 0x4C, 0x01, 0x9A, 0x09, 0xB2, 0x6F, 0x44,
              0x8C, 0x2A, 0x33, 0x55, 0xA5, 0x67, 0xB1, 0xA0,
              0xC8, 0x61, 0x82, 0x2E, 0x19, 0xC6, 0xFA, 0xDE,
              0x8C, 0x43, 0xAA, 0x61, 0xC3, 0xBF, 0x39, 0xB6,
              0x95, 0xE2, 0xA2, 0x74, 0x55, 0x2F, 0xE8, 0x5C,
              0x76, 0x5B, 0x8A, 0x1E, 0xF7, 0x8D, 0x1B, 0x42,
              0x97, 0xEF, 0x4C, 0x31, 0x3F, 0xE8, 0xDB, 0xF2,
              0x22, 0x11, 0x30, 0xC5, 0xEE, 0x91, 0xF9, 0xE3,
              0xD3, 0xBB, 0xF2, 0x9C, 0xC4, 0x7B, 0x1B, 0xAB,
              0xAF, 0x17, 0x9C, 0xBA, 0x8B, 0xD4, 0x5B, 0xA9,
              0x61, 0xD7, 0x0A, 0xB6, 0xBD, 0x7A, 0xA0, 0x75,
              0xFB, 0x2A, 0x15, 0x33, 0x14, 0xFC, 0x3B, 0x2C,
              0x3B, 0x89, 0x86, 0x6E, 0x68, 0x2C, 0x7A, 0x95,
              0x8D, 0x3B, 0x78, 0x87, 0xF0, 0xD7, 0xD8, 0xF4,
              0x0D, 0xF5, 0x5E, 0x6E, 0x51, 0x5D, 0x1F, 0xBB,
              0x88, 0x77, 0x8E, 0xAF, 0x8E, 0xF1, 0xE8, 0xF3,
              0x11, 0x9A, 0x74, 0x98, 0x80, 0x66, 0x7C, 0xA8,
              0xEC, 0xC4, 0x6B, 0xFA, 0x10, 0xBA, 0xC4, 0x67,
              0x4B, 0x77, 0xB9, 0x4E, 0xB0, 0xE9, 0x2A, 0x76,
              0xA6, 0xC0, 0x81, 0x59, 0xD1, 0xF4, 0x06, 0xB6,
              0x68, 0x5F, 0xE8, 0x5B, 0x41, 0xA8, 0xD8, 0x04,
              0x93, 0x91, 0x8A, 0xF5, 0x29, 0x9A, 0x1C, 0x6A,
              0x11, 0x3D, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x74, 0x27, 0xCD, 0x87,
              0xC4, 0xBA, 0x28, 0x2A, 0x65, 0x5D, 0x6A, 0x4E,
              0xE7, 0x15, 0x01, 0x2E, 0x0C, 0x75, 0x0C, 0xC3,
              0xB1, 0xE5, 0xC0, 0xF2, 0x2B, 0xC8, 0x2A, 0xD2,
              0x3E, 0xB4, 0xC0, 0xEC, 0xF4, 0x80, 0xAC, 0xB7,
              0xD7, 0x31, 0x21, 0x57, 0xDB, 0xB7, 0xE0, 0xE5,
              0x23, 0x78, 0xE9, 0xFF, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xEF, 0x04,
              0xAF, 0x47, 0x4F, 0x2C, 0x4C, 0x55, 0xDF, 0xFF,
              0xCF, 0x79, 0x8B, 0x90, 0x3F, 0x49, 0xEA, 0x43,
              0xD0, 0x60, 0xEF, 0x23, 0xED, 0x7D, 0x63, 0x89,
              0x7B, 0xCB, 0x2F, 0xF1, 0x39, 0xAB, 0x0D, 0x80,
              0x5F, 0xF7, 0x85, 0x87, 0xCC, 0xE6, 0xF1, 0xF2,
              0xCE, 0x39, 0x07, 0xBB, 0xDA, 0x5A, 0x67, 0x39,
              0xCF, 0x62, 0x47, 0x2C, 0xA2, 0x11, 0x85, 0x18,
              0xDA, 0xFE, 0x90, 0x7C, 0x4B, 0xEA, 0x88, 0xDC,
              0xAE, 0x39, 0x01, 0x07, 0x3A, 0xB6, 0xCC, 0x60,
              0xA5, 0x60, 0xC9, 0xA4, 0xD6, 0x33, 0x1E, 0x29,
              0xF8, 0x8A, 0xFE, 0xB9, 0x99, 0xA6, 0x4A, 0xE4,
              0xDB, 0xC7, 0xBF, 0x02, 0x22, 0xA9, 0xD4, 0x19,
              0x3A, 0x20, 0xE8, 0x1B, 0x40, 0x30, 0xF3, 0x28,
              0xE3, 0xA9, 0xCB, 0x7C, 0x92, 0x62, 0x04, 0x98,
              0x47, 0x4F, 0xCB, 0x64, 0xDA, 0xE1, 0xBB, 0xD7,
              0x9E, 0x4A, 0x9C, 0x04, 0x76, 0x47, 0x5E, 0xF0,
              0xF9, 0xAB, 0x5E, 0x89, 0xAE, 0x4D, 0x5A, 0xAE,
              0x9F, 0x87, 0x60, 0x21, 0xFA, 0x0B, 0xB2, 0x82,
              0x17, 0xCF, 0x27, 0x8D, 0x3A, 0xE9, 0xED, 0xDC,
              0x1C, 0x57, 0xBE, 0x5E, 0x17, 0xDC, 0x0D, 0x94,
              0x8E, 0x02, 0xFC, 0x05, 0xFE, 0xDF, 0x74, 0x07,
              0x05, 0xD8, 0xDC, 0xDC, 0x9D, 0x4B, 0x9C, 0xE6,
              0x80, 0x93, 0x65, 0x74, 0x94, 0x01, 0x5E, 0x05,
              0x17, 0x78, 0x96, 0xF1, 0x29, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xB5,
              0xFF, 0x4A, 0xF5, 0x7C, 0x64, 0xD1, 0x51, 0xEC,
              0xEC, 0x8E, 0x74, 0x7B, 0x72, 0x67, 0xFA, 0x2D,
              0x8C, 0xF5, 0x97, 0x5E, 0x84, 0xC2, 0xEF, 0xAC,
              0x18, 0xDF, 0x16, 0xF2, 0xD8, 0x98, 0x0C, 0xE4,
              0x09, 0xC0, 0x3A, 0x1B, 0xC2, 0xB9, 0x5B, 0x34,
              0x34, 0x18, 0x98, 0xC6, 0xA5, 0xC6, 0x28, 0x54,
              0xB8, 0x53, 0x33, 0xE1, 0x4A, 0xA8, 0xE9 }

¶

DLP-4096 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIGXgIBAAKCAf8x0lVfsuiJ8yCDeHla9IhbYtATWL3xF8C4rU0ivmLMkzRbbqj8
    VAtWj1CVu6CQPsXu2MauUl2ap+SZefCObE7b9WqTKQmga20eB1eVP5BbVVKZMV9C
    SPVLge9fBU2Ngk4SrquCSywvTF7eBGAw3DsWwoBZVoXKOMbnE9guTRv80z2H3iaV
    S6AFvEIXdzmyDx5GE4B57eWRZM5nI+NR5LL81Q1uq7RdqI+kzVYkiupEqi5BuP8o
    vTeIAIwu70vhkKCrXX2APJq+18e3dLUPqDgN1/4rPYSFo9iA71HVa0Efc+ZZ554L
    /zIUU1c+xQ2d1NCuyjCdOeQ4hieVA++UmFHj1Nxxq/OniGO5dcEGJMtRc0zbWCo6
    SMbXCEeDboCLDiJIuPqKjFWjV+gwVNZIssyluKOxaJGtUjVukoca9ZmlbpDJNDOl
    SlL9QuK+ZRXIzsNzlAcMJsrFyowmHS1QIYhruUxOmfp40lN8yvWhksnCr3egeDNF
    HxItqeb9e4OSEp7kmlYHXxo3BQBMBr02f7/LmgdKAuFlJSct+dMzy5GbW2EUB/f3
    pNnhHtKFpHWV6nQMv6Fr0vu4CtKl5jYER4CLHsUHWLhW9tykJdk2tJ7qW36qQHmj
    FT3tMhJ2TQAG8Ak2KEuW1ovJdP2vd7ZFeDY4xR6xGIqRcqA33knaSBqbAicB/zA2
    Bok/U75BEvlgGPmcz7lngn5JQDaYL68kBtJdi8xSSNsryxMCggH/GYkDGxK4g11m
    XJ9CMQUkoGSe7EwsSrqsrV1UjOD69T7KOGeq5hh9X2PA9mtW6ACtXQlYjKQlvOa9
    M5drusloY9HCbk9IJ2cFY/ucpRZcPJ8UHS59d6YRlVVNnOajJbk0Kl8K3gB+7Wnz
    LHhnjF8wLK+XYvzA1iLSv6X/cktZSSEcZi7T2BQer6u2KGXC8qZEpdw0DyQPc2FT
    PGVkzZ4ztljBOXHs2mYuHHm1iH6iRh41pror0CCA+OXGyL57+7ls9B8H1b3JZQC1
    bFNLcDaZVo9wC5rV7/we6L4vcDlQrNO4jCQ/gqLp9QHjh4ROd6qQLcDX2W6+TkvI
    s6sJZKwosVTNFTWkBlVAgzmOC+asmyb/mvTCzalVF1EVL71Mwtfxmp5/QaVuu+88
    1R32sQhIBhWo8+2Zn+x/DzxTh1UncHSzqA1LaoRxJuG53+I4lvWxl1ODmxin5mk+
    n7E9EVijq69OBGJ965YS2VlNMyYa5ZNn/8rew7Wv/8vf7UULU4vI2I0pjt0nszbo
    9e5tRh9XQDu0bbwEttkAx0hyjeePaI/NmpApTuqV585IKjmwYugE/Mtu99E1lLk1
    DsIPtQKoTE4wlsWQqiljeHkNgZ7CxQ3V9Ub14+TZaewz2kVSFNegXKr4h7Xomwnm
    ss8NVkPDhUgBiod7WhdyQCtLKfNciwKCAf8qSRFzGGURS4psb45AfVXDmrcQu0XK
    upTmsYWH0o+cbGlMAZoJsm9EjCozVaVnsaDIYYIuGcb63oxDqmHDvzm2leKidFUv
    6Fx2W4oe940bQpfvTDE/6NvyIhEwxe6R+ePTu/KcxHsbq68XnLqL1FupYdcKtr16
    oHX7KhUzFPw7LDuJhm5oLHqVjTt4h/DX2PQN9V5uUV0fu4h3jq+O8ejzEZp0mIBm
    fKjsxGv6ELrEZ0t3uU6w6Sp2psCBWdH0BrZoX+hbQajYBJORivUpmhxqET3i+XQn
    zYfEuigqZV1qTucVAS4MdQzDseXA8ivIKtI+tMDs9ICst9cxIVfbt+DlI3jp/0bu
    7wSvR08sTFXf/895i5A/SepD0GDvI+19Y4l7yy/xOasNgF/3hYfM5vHyzjkHu9pa
    ZznPYkcsohGFGNr+kHxL6ojcrjkBBzq2zGClYMmk1jMeKfiK/rmZpkrk28e/AiKp
    1Bk6IOgbQDDzKOOpy3ySYgSYR0/LZNrhu9eeSpwEdkde8PmrXomuTVqun4dgIfoL
    soIXzyeNOunt3BxXvl4X3A2UjgL8Bf7fdAcF2NzcnUuc5oCTZXSUAV4FF3iW8Sn9
    /7X/SvV8ZNFR7OyOdHtyZ/otjPWXXoTC76wY3xby2JgM5AnAOhvCuVs0NBiYxqXG
    KFS4UzPhSqjpAicBp3cRuJ1FUycpAboJWn/8FJyMBbAv3QQNyZiXEVvOw+YU8lV/
    nAw=
    -----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

### 2.3. ECDLP Keys

The following publicly known test keys may be used for ECDLP-based algorithms such as ECDSA and ECDH.¶

P256 key "testECCP256":¶

            /* qx */
            256,
            { 0x42, 0x25, 0x48, 0xF8, 0x8F, 0xB7, 0x82, 0xFF,
              0xB5, 0xEC, 0xA3, 0x74, 0x44, 0x52, 0xC7, 0x2A,
              0x1E, 0x55, 0x8F, 0xBD, 0x6F, 0x73, 0xBE, 0x5E,
              0x48, 0xE9, 0x32, 0x32, 0xCC, 0x45, 0xC5, 0xB1 },
            /* qy */
            256,
            { 0x6C, 0x4C, 0xD1, 0x0C, 0x4C, 0xB8, 0xD5, 0xB8,
              0xA1, 0x71, 0x39, 0xE9, 0x48, 0x82, 0xC8, 0x99,
              0x25, 0x72, 0x99, 0x34, 0x25, 0xF4, 0x14, 0x19,
              0xAB, 0x7E, 0x90, 0xA4, 0x2A, 0x49, 0x42, 0x72 },
            /* d */
            256,
            { 0xE6, 0xCB, 0x5B, 0xDD, 0x80, 0xAA, 0x45, 0xAE,
              0x9C, 0x95, 0xE8, 0xC1, 0x54, 0x76, 0x67, 0x9F,
              0xFE, 0xC9, 0x53, 0xC1, 0x68, 0x51, 0xE7, 0x11,
              0xE7, 0x43, 0x93, 0x95, 0x89, 0xC6, 0x4F, 0xC1 }

¶

P256 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
    MHcCAQEEIObLW92AqkWunJXowVR2Z5/+yVPBaFHnEedDk5WJxk/BoAoGCCqGSM49
    AwEHoUQDQgAEQiVI+I+3gv+17KN0RFLHKh5Vj71vc75eSOkyMsxFxbFsTNEMTLjV
    uKFxOelIgsiZJXKZNCX0FBmrfpCkKklCcg==
    -----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

P384 key "testECCP384":¶

            /* qx */
            384,
            { 0x5B, 0x09, 0x01, 0xB8, 0x85, 0x23, 0x29, 0x6E,
              0xB9, 0x19, 0xD5, 0x0F, 0xFA, 0x1A, 0x9C, 0xB3,
              0x74, 0xBC, 0x4D, 0x40, 0x95, 0x86, 0x28, 0x2B,
              0xFE, 0xCA, 0x11, 0xB1, 0xD9, 0x5A, 0xDB, 0xB5,
              0x47, 0x34, 0xAF, 0x57, 0x0B, 0xF8, 0x2B, 0x72,
              0x28, 0xCF, 0x22, 0x6B, 0xCF, 0x4C, 0x25, 0xDD },
            /* qy */
            384,
            { 0xBC, 0xFE, 0x3B, 0x1A, 0x3A, 0xD3, 0x94, 0x30,
              0xEF, 0xF7, 0x63, 0xE1, 0xD6, 0x8D, 0x2E, 0x15,
              0x1D, 0x91, 0x72, 0x0B, 0x77, 0x95, 0xB5, 0x8D,
              0xA6, 0xB3, 0x46, 0x39, 0x61, 0x3A, 0x8F, 0xB9,
              0xB5, 0xA8, 0xDA, 0x48, 0xC6, 0x74, 0x71, 0x17,
              0xF9, 0x91, 0x9E, 0x84, 0x24, 0xF3, 0x7E, 0xC8 },
            /* d */
            384,
            { 0xE2, 0x56, 0x33, 0x28, 0xDF, 0xAB, 0xF6, 0x81,
              0x88, 0x60, 0x6B, 0x91, 0x32, 0x42, 0x81, 0xC1,
              0xD5, 0x8A, 0x44, 0x56, 0x43, 0x1B, 0x09, 0xD5,
              0x10, 0xB3, 0x5F, 0xEC, 0xC9, 0xF3, 0x07, 0xCA,
              0x18, 0x22, 0x84, 0x6F, 0xA2, 0x67, 0x13, 0x71,
              0xA9, 0xA8, 0x1B, 0xAC, 0x0E, 0x35, 0x74, 0x9D }

¶

P384 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIGkAgEBBDDiVjMo36v2gYhga5EyQoHB1YpEVkMbCdUQs1/syfMHyhgihG+iZxNx
    qagbrA41dJ2gBwYFK4EEACKhZANiAARbCQG4hSMpbrkZ1Q/6GpyzdLxNQJWGKCv+
    yhGx2VrbtUc0r1cL+CtyKM8ia89MJd28/jsaOtOUMO/3Y+HWjS4VHZFyC3eVtY2m
    s0Y5YTqPubWo2kjGdHEX+ZGehCTzfsg=
    -----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

P521 key "testECCP521":¶

            /* qx */
            521,
            { 0x01, 0xD0, 0xFD, 0x72, 0x57, 0xA8, 0x4C, 0x74,
              0x7F, 0x56, 0x25, 0x75, 0xC0, 0x73, 0x85, 0xDB,
              0xEB, 0xF2, 0xF5, 0x2B, 0xEA, 0x58, 0x08, 0x3D,
              0xB8, 0x2F, 0xDD, 0x15, 0x31, 0xD8, 0xAA, 0xE3,
              0xCC, 0x87, 0x5F, 0xF0, 0x2F, 0xF7, 0xFA, 0x2D,
              0xA2, 0x60, 0xD8, 0xEB, 0x62, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0xF5,
              0xD6, 0x49, 0x27, 0x8E, 0x32, 0x17, 0x36, 0xA0,
              0x62, 0x8C, 0xBB, 0xB3, 0x03, 0x08, 0xB6, 0xE6,
              0x18, 0xDB },
            /* qy */
            521,
            { 0xF6, 0x2A, 0xD2, 0x04, 0xC6, 0x46, 0x03, 0x59,
              0xBC, 0x81, 0x8A, 0xB8, 0x96, 0x1B, 0xF0, 0xF0,
              0xFC, 0x0E, 0xC5, 0xAA, 0xE8, 0xA4, 0x28, 0x17,
              0x3C, 0xE5, 0x6F, 0x00, 0xDE, 0x9B, 0x15, 0x7C,
              0x1E, 0x5C, 0x82, 0xC6, 0x4F, 0x56, 0x2F, 0xCA,
              0xDE, 0xFC, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x28, 0xF6, 0xD3, 0x42,
              0xCF, 0x3E, 0xF6, 0x16, 0xFC, 0x82, 0xD3, 0x3B,
              0x72, 0x85, 0xC9, 0x21, 0xF2, 0xBF, 0x36, 0xFD,
              0xD8 },
            /* d */
            521,
            { 0x01, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xDC, 0xCA, 0x0A, 0x88, 0x7F,
              0x8D, 0x99, 0x76, 0x7A, 0x37, 0xD8, 0x74, 0xE6,
              0x37, 0xA1, 0x2C, 0xCB, 0x47, 0x7D, 0x6E, 0x08,
              0x66, 0x53, 0x56, 0x69, 0x4D, 0x68, 0xB7, 0x65,
              0x5E, 0x50, 0x69, 0x63, 0x8F, 0xDE, 0x7B, 0x45,
              0xC8, 0x54, 0x01, 0x3D, 0xC7, 0x7A, 0x35, 0xB1,
              0x86, 0x55, 0xB8, 0x4C, 0x96, 0x6A, 0x60, 0x22,
              0x0D, 0x40, 0xF9, 0x1E, 0xD9, 0xF5, 0x14, 0x58,
              0x02, 0xEA }

¶

P521 key in encoded form:¶

    -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIHcAgEBBEIB2STcygqIf42Zdno32HTmN6Esy0d9bghmU1ZpTWi3ZV5QaWOP3ntF
    yFQBPcd6NbGGVbhMlmpgIg1A+R7Z9RRYAuqgBwYFK4EEACOhgYkDgYYABAHQ/XJX
    qEx0f1YldcBzhdvr8vUr6lgIPbgv3RUx2KrjzIdf8C/3+i2iYNjrYtbS9dZJJ44y
    FzagYoy7swMItuYY2wD2KtIExkYDWbyBiriWG/Dw/A7FquikKBc85W8A3psVfB5c
    gsZPVi/K3vxKTCj200LPPvYW/ILTO3KFySHyvzb92A==
    -----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

¶

## 3. IANA Considerations

This document has no IANA actions.¶

## 4. Security Considerations

The intent of publishing known keys in this form is that they may be easily recognised as being test keys when encountered. It should go without saying that these keys should never be used or relied upon in production environments.¶

The authors await the inevitable Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs).¶

## Authors' Addresses